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. 2022 Jan 29;12:11. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021-00737-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — Extended genealogy tree of the NDs based on incidence-age epidemiological data. A For all data. B Split by sex, male m and female f. The ordinate, or the height of the tree, shows the number of steps of the NDs, with the number of common steps represented by the height of the trunk, and the total number of steps for each ND equal to the number of the abscissa unit segments to the end of the branch of the specific ND. The abscissa or the width of the trunk at the point from each the disease-specific steps for the NDs brunch out, shows the average number of years required for the trigger of one step