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. 2022 Jan 29;22:83. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04403-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Maternal and neonatal serum 25(OH)D according to maternal BMI and FMI categories. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of A mothers according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories (healthy: BMI < 25 or overweight/obese: BMI ≥25 kg/m²), B serum 25(OH)D concentrations of mothers according to postpartum BMI categories (healthy: BMI < 25, overweight: BMI 25-29.9, obese: BMI ≥30 kg/m², C mothers according to their postpartum fat mass index (FMI) categories (low to normal: 4-9, excess fat: > 9-13, and obese: > 13 kg/m²). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of infants at birth according to mothers, D pre-pregnancy BMI categories, E postnatal BMI categories and, F FMI categories. Data were compared using a linear fixed effects model, maternal pre-pregnancy, postpartum BMI and FMI as categorical fixed effects followed by post hoc Tukey’s tests with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons. Data are mean ± SD