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. 2022 Jan-Feb;12(1):54–66. doi: 10.22038/AJP.2021.18829

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The effects of metformin (a) and various doses of hot-water (b), cold-water (c), and alcoholic (d) Artemisia annua extracts on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Data are expressed as the mean±SEM. (n=5). ^aaaaP<0.0001 versus the T2D group. ^ccccP<0.0001 versus the CON group. ^bbP<0.01 and ^bbbP<0.001 versus the T2D+MTF group. ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01 and ^***P<0.001 show significant differences among different doses of the same type of extract. Groups: Control (CON), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), T2D+Metformin (T2D+MTF), T2D+hot-water extract (T2D+HWE), T2D+cold-water extract (T2D+CWE) and T2D+alcoholic extract (T2D+ALE)