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. 2022 Jan 31;44:131–136. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.01.010

Table 2.

Descriptive trends of health outcomes by year.

  2018 2019 2020  
  % % % P-value
Resilience        
 High 19.5 19.6 19.2 0.9493
 Normal 69.5 69.4 70.1
 Low 11.0 11.0 10.7
Optimism        
 High   45.9 43.8 0.0473
 Low   54.1 56.2
Purpose    
 High 64.0 64.4 62.6 0.1422
 Low 35.9 35.6 37.4
Perceived Stress        
 High   1.0 .6 0.0864
 Moderate   11.1 11.1
 Low   87.9 88.3
Social Network Index        
Diverse 27.3 26.5 33.5 <.0001
Moderate 43.4 42.9 42.9
 Limited 29.3 30.6 23.7
Loneliness        
 Severe 19.1 20.2 26.4 <.0001
 Moderate 24.3 25.7 30.4
 Not Lonely 56.7 54.2 43.2