Table 1.
Cell populations present in innate and adaptive immune responses in dry eye disease.
| Immune response | Cell type | Related indicators that DED individuals differ from healthy individuals | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Innate response | neutrophils | IL-1β↑ IL-6↑ MMPs↑ CXCL1↑ | (18) |
| macrophages | CD68+ macrophages↑ IL-18↑ iNOS↑ | (19–21) | |
| NK Cells | IL-4↑ IL-5↑ IL-13↑ IFN-γ↑ | (22–24) | |
| eosinophils | Infiltration (not exist in normal eyes)↑ Th2 inflammation↑ | (25) | |
| Adaptive response | CD4+ T cells | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)↑ CXCL11↑ CD4+ T cells infiltration↑ | (26, 27) |
| CD8+ T cells | ICAM-1↑ CD8+ T cells↑ | (28) | |
| Th17 | IL-6↑ IL-23R↑ IL-21↑ IL-22↑ TGFβ2↑ IL-17↑ CCR6↑ CXCR3↑ | (29, 30) | |
| B cells | Cell population and numbers—IL-17↑ | (31–33) |