Inhibition of IL-4‒/IL-13‒induced proliferation. Western blot analysis and quantification of HEEs shown in Figure 9 for (a) IL-4 and (b) IL-13), stained for pSTAT3 (IL-4, P = 0.015; IL-13, P = 0.002) and pSTAT6 (IL-4, P = 0.004; IL-13, P = 0.008) (corrected for β-actin expression, IL-4‒/IL-13‒stimulated HEEs set at 1) (n = 3). ∗P < 0.05. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (c) Ki-67 staining and (d) quantification (P = 0.037) of HEEs treated with inhibiting agents (450 nM TOF, 100 nM JakI inhibitor, 100 nM p38, 100 nM U0126) 24 hours before costimulation with 10 ng/ml IL-4 for 72 hours (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Bar = 100 μm. DUP, dupilumab; EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine; HEE, human epidermal equivalent; inh, inhibitor; pSTAT3/6, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/6; TOF, tofacitinib.