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. 2022 Jan 31;74:102744. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102744

Table 1.

Names, descriptions and sources of the variables.

Theme Variable Name Description Source
Demographic Population density Population density per square km U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
%Age 20-39 % Population by age: 20–39 years
%Age 40-59 % Population by age: 40–59 years
%Age 60-79 % Population by age: 60–79 years
%Age 80+ % Population by age: 80 years and over
%African American % Population by race: Black or African American alone
%Asian % Population by race: Asian alone
%Disabled % Civilian noninstitutionalized population with a disability
Households Household size Average household size U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
Housing Characteristics %No vehicles % Occupied housing units with no vehicles available U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
%Housing problem Percentage of households with at least 1 of 4 housing problems: overcrowding, high housing costs, lack of kitchen facilities, or lack of plumbing facilities
Education %> Bachelor % Population 25 years and over bachelor's degree U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
Employment %Work construction and trade sector % Workers in construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation, warehousing, utilities and retail trade U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
%Work services sector % Workers in information, finance, insurance, real estate, rental, leasing, professional, scientific, management, administrative and waste management services
%Work social sector % Workers in educational services, health care, and social assistance
Economic Median income Households median annual income (in 1000 dollars) U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
%Unemployment % Unemployment rate for population 20–64 years
%No insurance % Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18–64 years 2018 age-adjusted prevalence CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020a, CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020b
%Poverty % Below poverty level population for whom poverty status is determined U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
Commuting %Private transportation % Worker 16 years and over by means of transportation to work: car, truck, or van drove alone U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
%Walking % Worker 16 years and over by means of transportation to work: walk
%Work from home % Worker 16 years and over who worked from home
Commuting time Mean travel time to work (minutes) for workers 16 years and over who did not work from home
Health Condition Heart disease mortality Heart disease mortality per 100,000 population age-adjusted, spatially smoothed, 3-year average. 2016–2018 CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020a, CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020b
%Asthma % Current asthma among adults aged ≥18 years 2018 age-adjusted prevalence
%Obesity % Obesity among adults aged ≥18 years 2018 age-adjusted prevalence
%Sleep<7hrs % Sleeping less than 7 h among adults aged ≥18 years 2018 age-adjusted prevalence
%No leisure-time PA % no leisure-time physical activity among adults aged ≥18 years 2018 age-adjusted prevalence
%Smokers % Current smoking among adults aged ≥18 years 2018 age-adjusted prevalence
Coordinates X,Y Counties' centroids coordinates U.S. Census US Census Bureau, 2019
COVID-19 Deaths per 100k Cumulative COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population as of February 5th, 2021 USAFacts 2021