Table 2.
Study populations of included studies.
| Authors | Algorithm type | Pathology | Sample size (male/female) | Mean age (years ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckley et al. 26 | Custom algorithm | Early-stage Parkinson disease | 70 (47M/23F) | 69.2 ± 9.9 |
| Age-matched controls | 64 (35M/29F) | 71.6 ± 6.8 | ||
| Fino et al. 27 | Custom algorithm | Suffered a sports-related concussion SRC within 48 h | 24 (18M/6F) | 20.3 |
| Age, gender, height and mass-matched controls. | 25 (19M/6F) | 20.9 | ||
| Ilg et al. 28 | Custom algorithm | Degenerative cerebellar ataxia (DCA) | 43 (23M/20F) | 51 ± 15 |
| Healthy controls | 35 | 48 ± 15 | ||
| Mc Ardle et al. 10 | Custom algorithm | Mild cognitive impairment/dementia due to Alzheimer disease | 32 | 77 ± 6 |
| Dementia with Lewy bodies | 28 | 76 ± 6 | ||
| Parkinson disease | 14 | 78 ± 6 | ||
| Simila et al. 29 | Custom algorithm | Older adults, independent and no cognitive incapability | 35 (0M/35F) | 73.8 |
| Stack et al. 30 | Custom algorithm | Patients with and without Parkinson | 24 (5M/19F) (10 with Parkinson) | 74 ± 8 |
| Tesconi et al. 31 | Custom algorithm | Vascular disease | 5 (1M/4F) | 73 |
| Healthy controls | 4 (3M/1F) | 32 | ||
| Zhang et al. 32 | Custom algorithm | Post-stroke patients | 16 (9M/7F) | 54 |
| Healthy controls | 9 (5M/4F) | 35 | ||
| Zhou et al. 33 | Custom algorithm | Haemodialysis patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease | 44 (25M/19F) | 61.8 ± 6.7 |
| Cognitively-impaired patients | 25 (6M/19F) | 68.1 ± 8.8 | ||
| De Vos et al. 34 | Artificial intelligence | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 21 | 71 |
| Parkinson disease | 20 | 66.4 | ||
| Controls | 39 | 67.1 | ||
| Di Lazzaro et al. 35 | Artificial intelligence | Parkinson disease: tremor-dominant, postural instability gait difficulties, mixed phenotype | 36 | 63 |
| Controls | 29 | 69 | ||
| Hsu et al. 36 | Artificial intelligence | Stroke, brain concussion, spinal injury, brain haemorrhage | 11 | 65.2 |
| Controls | 9 | 66.4 | ||
| Jung et al. 37 | Artificial intelligence | Semi-professional athlete | 29 | 52.92 ± 9.6 |
| Patients with foot deformities | 21 | 27.9 ± 3.1 | ||
| Controls | 19 | 29.18 ± 4.89 | ||
| Kashyap et al. 38 | Artificial intelligence | Cerebellar ataxia (CA) | 23 (12M/11F) | 65 ± 11 |
| Controls | 11 (6M/5F) | 58 ± 12 | ||
| Mannini et al. 39 | Artificial intelligence | Post-stroke patients (PS) | 15 (10M/5F) | 61.3 ± 13 |
| Huntington disease patients (HD) | 17 (10M/7F) | 54.3 ± 12.2 | ||
| Controls | 10 (4M/6F) | 69.7 ± 5.8 | ||
| Moon et al. 40 | Artificial intelligence | Parkinson disease | 524 | 66.73 ± 9.17 |
| Essential tremor (ET) | 43 | 66.98 ± 9.84 | ||
| Nukala et al. 41 | Artificial intelligence | Patients with balance disorders | 4 | N/A |
| Controls | 3 | N/A | ||
| Rastegari 42 | Artificial intelligence | Mild Parkinson disease | 10 (5M/5F) | 63.8 ± 9.3 |
| Controls | 10 (5M/5F) | 64 ± 8.4 | ||
| Rehman et al. 43 | Artificial intelligence | Mild Parkinson disease | 93 (59M/34F) | 69.2 ± 10.1 |
| Controls | 103 (49M/54F) | 72.3 ± 6.7 | ||
| Rovini et al. 44 | Artificial intelligence | Idiopathic hyposmia (IH) | 30 (21M/9F) | 66 ± 3.2 |
| Parkinson disease | 30 (25M/5F) | 67.9 ± 8.8 | ||
| Controls | 30 (25M/5F) | 65.2 ± 2.5 | ||
| Steinmetzer et al. 45 | Artificial intelligence | Motor dysfunction (MD) | 15 | N/A |
| Controls | 24 | N/A | ||
| Tedesco et al. 46 | Artificial intelligence | Post-ACL athletes (rugby players) | 6M | 29.3 ± 4.5 |
| Controls | 6M | 22.8 ± 3.7 |