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. 2022 Jan 17;8:761191. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761191

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Copyright © 2022 Visser, Dofferhoff, van den Ouweland, van Daal, Kramers, Schurgers, Janssen and Walk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The association between the differences in vitamin K status /vitamin D status /desmosine and IL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients. Vitamin K levels were defined as “low” when dp-ucMGP levels were above median, and “high” when dp-ucMGP levels were below median. Vitamin D levels were defined as “low” when there was a 25(OH)D insufficiency (concentration < 50 nmol/L) and “high” when there was a sufficient amount of vitamin D (concentration >50 nmol/L). (A) The effect of vitamin K status — derived from dp-ucMGP status — on desmosine levels in patients with high or low vitamin D levels. Desmosine levels were measured in 122 patients. (B) The effect of vitamin K status — derived from dp-ucMGP status — on IL-6 levels in patients with high or low vitamin D levels (n = 131). ^*Indicates significant difference between groups.