Fig. 4.

Geographic (N = 892 individuals) and species-level (inset) variation in adult Atelopus toxicity. Toxicity values primarily reflect quantity of guanidinium alkaloids (see section 5.1). Numbers left of species names detail the total number of toxicity assessments and number of specimens assessed (in parentheses) for each species. One mouse unit (MU) is sufficient to kill a single average-weight mouse in 30 min upon injection (Yasumoto, 1991). When toxicity values were given in TTX equivalents or when TTX quantity alone was given, conversion to MUs used the conversion factor 1 MU = 0.22 μg TTX (Yasumoto, 1991). See Supplementary Table S2 for coordinates, toxicity values, species names, sources, and details on unreported sample size data. Toxicity data summarized and graphed using ggplot2 v3.3.3 (Wickham, 2016), dplyr v1.0.6 (Wickham et al., 2021), and cowplot v1.1.1 (Wilke, 2020).