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. 2022 Jan 17;12:792977. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792977

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhang, Zhou, Xie, Dong, Bai and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of DPHC on ameliorating oxidative stress and IR via Nrf2/ARE signal pathway-related proteins in liver tissues of db/db mice. (A) The expression levels of Nrf2, p-Nrf2, HO-1, JNK, p-JNK, IRS1, AKT, p-AKT, PI3K, p-PI3K, cytosol GLUT4, and membrane GLUT4 in liver tissues of mice. (B) Nrf2. (C) The ratio of p-Nrf2/Nrf2. (D) HO-1. (E) IRS1. (F) JNK. (G) The ratio of p-JNK/JNK. (H) AKT. (I) The ratio of p-AKT/AKT. (J) PI3K. (K) The ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K. (L) Cytosol GLUT4. (M) Membrane GLUT4. All values are expressed as means ± SD, n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the db/db group, and ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 compared with the db/m group.