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Some spices and their major bioactive components.
| Spice | Bioactive components |
|---|---|
| Rosemary | Carnosic acid, carnosol, rosemarinic acid, and rosmanol |
| Sage | Carnosol, carnosic acid, rosmanol, and rosmarinic acid |
| Oregano | Derivatives of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tocopherols |
| Thyme | Carvacrol, thymol, cymene, caryophyllene, carvone, and borneol |
| Marjoram | Flavonoids |
| Garlic | Allicin, alliin |
| Ginger | Zingiberol, gingerol, zingiberene, and shogaol |
| Pepper | Capsaicin, vitamin C, D, and carotenoids |
