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. 2022 Jan 17;9:812309. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.812309

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

The effect of different regulator combinations on the metabolic pathway in P. rhodozyma MVP14. (A) Highest astaxanthin volumetric yield with adding glutamic acid and penicillin. (B) Highest astaxanthin cell yield with adding penicillin, ethanol, triclosan and fluconazol. Red substance represents the promotion of current pathway, while green substance represents the inhibition. Changes in the relative expression of HMGR gene (C), IPP content (D) and total fatty acids (E) after adding penicillin, ethanol, triclosan and fluconazol to P. rhodozyma MVP14. The red arrow indicates that the metabolite is increased, and the green one indicates that it is decreased. G3P: glucose-3-phosphate, IPP: isopentenyl pyrophosphate, FPP: farnesyl pyrophosphate, TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle, P: penicillin, E: ethanol, T: triclosan, F: fluconazol. (* significantly different from control, p < 0.05).