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. 2022 Jan 25;16:279–296. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S343928

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© 2022 Wang et al.

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Hemolysis test and ciliotoxicity test shown catalpol is safety via nasal administration (A) the PVD of cilia; (B) the PPV of cilia; (C) damage of catalpol nasal drops on nasal mucosa of rats (400×, n=3,“”indicates nasal cilia,“” indicates epithelial cell). you may use the arrow to show the effects (the data are presented as the mean ± S.D., n = 3, **p < 0.01).

Inline graphic — Hemolysis test and ciliotoxicity test shown catalpol is safety via nasal administration (A) the PVD of cilia; (B) the PPV of cilia; (C) damage of catalpol nasal drops on nasal mucosa of rats (400×, n=3,“”indicates nasal cilia,“” indicates epithelial cell). you may use the arrow to show the effects (the data are presented as the mean ± S.D., n = 3, **p < 0.01).