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. 2022 Jan 17;9:792257. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792257

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Harmine inhibited M1 macrophage polarization through the STAT1/3, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with harmine (1, 5, 10, or 25 μmol/L) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 12 h (A,D–F) Levels of proteins in MAPK pathways: p-P38 (n = 4), P38 (n = 4), JNK (n = 3), p-JNK (n = 3), Erk1/2 (n = 3), and p-Erk1/2 (n = 3), (B–H) Levels of proteins in NF-κB pathways: p-NF-κB (n = 8), NF-κB (n = 8), p-IκB-α (n = 4), and IκB-α (n = 4), (C–J) Levels of STAT1/3 proteins: p-STAT3 (n = 4), STAT3 (n = 4), p-STAT1 (n = 4), and STAT1 (n = 4). GAPDH was used as internal control. Data are presented as the means ± SEM, & p < 0.05 compared with the control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 compared with the LPS group.