Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample.
| Variables | Male n = 293 Mean (SD) or % (n) |
Female n = 646 Mean (SD) or % (n) |
Total n = 939 Mean (SD) or % (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 47 (11.5) | 43 (10.2) | 44 (10.7) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.9 (17.9) | 121.3 (17.8) | 123.4 (18.1) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.5 (11.7) | 73.4 (10.1) | 74.1 (10.7) |
| Weight (kg) | 66.5 (13.1) | 65.4 (13.5) | 65.7 (13.4) |
| Height (meters) | 1.70 (0.1) | 1.59 (0.1) | 1.62 (0.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 (4.2) | 25.8 (5.1) | 24.9 (4.9) |
|
| |||
| BMI categories | |||
| Underweight (BMI ≤18.4) | 9.9 (29) | 56.7 (38) | 7.1 (67) |
| Normal (BMI 18.5–24.9) | 61.8 (181) | 40.4 (261) | 47.1 (442) |
| Overweight/obese (BMI≥25) | 28.3 (83) | 53.7 (347) | 45.8 (430) |
|
| |||
| Blood pressure categories | |||
| Normal BP (SBP < 130 and DBP < 85 mmHg) | 59.7 (175) | 70.6 (456) | 67.2 (631) |
| Prehypertensive (SBP of 130–139 and/or DBP 85–89 mmHg) | 15.0 (44) | 13.5 (87) | 131 (13.9) |
| Hypertensive (SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) | 25.3 (74) | 15.9 (103) | 18.9 (177) |
|
| |||
| ARV drugs | |||
| TDF/3TC/EFV | 12 (35) | 40.6 (262) | 31.6 (297) |
| D4T/3TC/NVP | 15.4 (45) | 16.7 (108) | 16.3 (153) |
| TDF/3TC/NVP | 1.7 (5) | 7.6 (49) | 5.8 (54) |
| TDF/3TC/DTG | 50.5 (148) | 14.9 (96) | 26 (244) |
| TDF or AZT/3TC/LPV/r or ATV/r | 4.8 (14) | 3.9 (25) | 4.2 (39) |
| AZT/3TC/NVP | 3.1 (9) | 7.7 (50) | 6.3 (59) |
| 3TC/D4T/EFV | 8.9 (26) | 5.4 (35) | 6.5 (61) |
| Others | 3.8 (11) | 3.2 (21) | 3.4 (32) |
|
| |||
| ART regimen | |||
| NNRTIs and NRTIs | 38.6 (113) | 77.6 (501) | 65.4 (614) |
| NRTIs and PIs | 5.8 (17) | 4.6 (30) | 5.0 (47) |
| NRTIs and INSTIs | 55.6 (163) | 17.8 (115) | 29.6 (278) |
|
| |||
| Duration of ARV therapy | |||
| <2 years | 13.3 (39) | 10.8 (70) | 11.6 (109) |
| ≥2 years | 86.7 (254) | 89.2 (576) | 88.4 (830) |
|
| |||
| History of smoking | |||
| Yes | 14.3 (42) | 1.9 (12) | 5.8(54) |
| No | 85.7 (251) | 98.1 (634) | 94.2(885) |
|
| |||
| History of alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | 22.1 (59) | 6.1 (39) | 11.1 (95) |
| No | 77.9 (208) | 93.9 (550) | 88.9 (758) |
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; ARV: antiretroviral; ART: antiretroviral therapy; AZT: zidovudine; 3TC: lamivudine; NVP: nevirapine; EFV: efavirenz; TDF: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; DTG: dolutegravir; D4T: stavudine; LPV/r: lopinavir/ritonavir; ATV/r: atazanavir/ritonavir; NNRTIs: nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI: nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; INSTIs: integrase strand transfer inhibitor.