TABLE 1—
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of US Adults With Past-Year Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), With and Without a Perceived Need for OUD Treatment and With and Without a Treatment Gap: National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015–2019
| Characteristics | Overall OUD (Weighted n = 1 987 961a), Weighted % (95% CI) | Persons With Perceived Need for OUD Treatment (Weighted n = 208 793), Weighted % (95% CI) | Persons Without Perceived Need for OUD Treatment (Weighted n = 1 779 168), Weighted % (95% CI) | Persons With a NSDUH-Defined Treatment Gap (Weighted n = 1 413 870), Weighted % (95% CI) | Persons Without a NSDUH-Defined Treatment Gap (Weighted n = 574 091), Weighted % (95% CI) |
| Age category, yb,c | |||||
| 18–49 | 45.9 (42.8, 48.9) | 58.9 (49.3, 68.4) | 44.4 (41.1, 47.7) | 43.3 (40.0, 46.7) | 52.1 (47.4, 56.9) |
| ≥ 50 | 54.1 (51.1, 57.2) | 41.1 (31.6, 50.7) | 55.6 (52.4, 58.9) | 56.7 (53.3, 60.0) | 47.9 (43.1, 52.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 41.6 (38.8, 44.5) | 46.6 (38.2, 55.1) | 41.0 (38.0, 44.1) | 41.6 (38.2, 44.9) | 41.7 (37.2, 46.3) |
| Male | 58.4 (55.5, 61.2) | 53.4 (44.9, 61.8) | 59.0 (55.9, 62.0) | 58.4 (55.1, 61.8) | 58.3 (53.7, 62.8) |
| Race/ethnicityc | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 72.7 (69.4, 76.0) | 78.3 (71.9, 84.6) | 72.1 (68.4, 75.7) | 70.0 (65.7, 74.4) | 79.3 (75.2, 83.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10.4 (7.7, 13.1) | 7.3 (3.2, 11.4) | 10.8 (7.8, 13.7) | 11.4 (7.8, 15.0) | 7.9 (4.9, 11.0) |
| Hispanic | 11.3 (8.8, 13.9) | 10.2 (4.7, 15.7) | 11.5 (8.7, 14.3) | 12.3 (9.0, 15.5) | 9.0 (5.8, 12.2) |
| Other | 5.6 (4.3, 6.9) | 4.2 (1.7, 6.7) | 5.7 (4.4, 7.1) | 6.3 (4.5, 8.1) | 3.7 (2.2, 5.2) |
| Educationc | |||||
| < high school | 17.9 (15.8, 20.0) | 15.9 (9.9, 21.9) | 18.2 (16.0, 20.4) | 18.0 (15.4, 20.6) | 17.7 (14.3, 21.1) |
| High school graduate | 32.5 (29.5, 35.6) | 37.1 (28.6, 45.6) | 32.0 (28.8, 35.1) | 31.5 (28.0, 34.9) | 35.0 (29.4, 40.7) |
| Some college | 35.2 (31.6, 38.8) | 35.9 (27.8, 44.0) | 35.1 (31.3, 38.9) | 34.2 (30.1, 38.3) | 37.7 (32.4, 43.0) |
| ≥ college graduate | 14.4 (11.7, 17.0) | 11.1 (4.8, 17.4) | 14.7 (11.8, 17.7) | 16.3 (12.7, 19.9) | 9.6 (7.0, 12.1) |
| Household income,c $ | |||||
| < 20 000 | 31.2 (27.9, 34.5) | 33.0 (25.0, 41.1) | 31.0 (27.4, 34.6) | 27.9 (23.8, 32.0) | 39.4 (34.5, 44.2) |
| 20 000‒49 999 | 31.8 (28.8, 34.8) | 35.0 (27.7, 42.3) | 31.4 (28.1, 34.7) | 33.1 (29.5, 36.8) | 28.5 (23.9, 33.0) |
| 50 000‒74 999 | 14.0 (12.0, 16.0) | 10.7 (5.1, 16.4) | 14.4 (12.3, 16.5) | 14.3 (11.9, 16.8) | 13.3 (10.1, 16.5) |
| ≥ 75 000 | 23.0 (19.8, 26.1) | 21.2 (14.6, 27.9) | 23.2 (19.7, 26.6) | 24.6 (21.0, 28.2) | 18.9 (15.0, 22.8) |
| Health insuranceb,c | |||||
| Public insuranced | 45.6 (42.5, 48.7) | 42.7 (35.6, 49.9) | 46.0 (42.5, 49.4) | 41.8 (38.2, 45.5) | 54.9 (49.4, 60.4) |
| Private insurance | 31.7 (29.2, 34.2) | 22.5 (16.1, 28.9) | 32.8 (29.9, 35.7) | 34.4 (31.3, 37.5) | 25.2 (20.8, 29.6) |
| No insurance coverage | 22.7 (19.9, 25.4) | 34.8 (27.7, 41.9) | 21.3 (18.3, 24.2) | 23.8 (20.6, 27.0) | 19.9 (15.0, 24.8) |
| Self-reported healthe | |||||
| Good to excellent | 69.8 (66.8, 72.9) | 68.6 (58.7, 78.5) | 70.0 (66.8, 73.2) | 69.7 (66.2, 73.1) | 70.4 (64.4, 76.4) |
| Poor to fair | 30.1 (27.1, 33.1) | 31.4 (21.5, 41.3) | 30.0 (26.8, 33.1) | 30.3 (26.9, 33.8) | 29.6 (23.6, 35.6) |
| Past-year mental illnessb,c | |||||
| Yes | 55.8 (53.2, 58.4) | 72.3 (64.7, 79.9) | 53.9 (51.2, 56.6) | 53.4 (49.6, 57.2) | 61.9 (56.9, 66.8) |
| No | 44.2 (41.6, 46.8) | 27.7 (20.1, 35.3) | 46.1 (43.4, 48.8) | 46.6 (42.8, 50.4) | 38.1 (33.2, 43.1) |
| Residence | |||||
| Metro | 84.7 (82.6, 86.9) | 83.5 (78.4, 88.5) | 84.9 (82.8, 87.0) | 84.7 (82.1, 87.2) | 84.9 (81.4, 88.4) |
| Nonmetro | 15.3 (13.1, 17.4) | 16.5 (11.5, 21.6) | 15.1 (13.0, 17.2) | 15.3 (12.8, 17.8) | 15.1 (11.6, 18.6) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OUD = opioid use disorder.
a
Unweighted no., overall OUD = 2183.
b
P < .05 from Rao‒Scott χ2 test for comparison between both perceived need groups for each categorical variable.
c
P < .05 from Rao‒Scott χ2 test for comparison between both treatment gap groups for each categorical variable.
d
Public insurance was defined as covered by Medicare, Medicaid, Champus, ChampVA, VA, or military insurance.
e
Columns do not add up to 100% because of missing values reported for self-reported health status.