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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterol Nurs. 2016 Jul-Aug;39(4):297–309. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000235

TABLE 2.

Factors Related to Serum Lipids and Cholelithiasis Risks

Reference Year Study Design Sample Size Results Related to the Risk of Cholelithiasis Implications for Practice
Fu et al. 1997 A case control study (China) 66 Serum apo A 1, C 2, E, and high LDL level, no association with TC, TG, HDL Recommend lowering of serum LDL, TG, and raising HDL through diet and medications
Han et al. 2000 A case control study (China) 631 TC, low LDL, apo B level Recommended further studies to clarify the serum lipid level in relation to GD in different ethnicity
Tang et al. 1996 A case control study (China) 109 Apo A, B, serum insulin level, high HDL, lower LDL
Thijs et al. 1990 A case control study (Netherlands) 776 Low HDL, high TG, but no association with TC Monitor for elevated cholesterol, LDL, TG, and low HDL after symptoms of GD

Note. Apo = apolipoprotein; GD = gallstone disease; GS = gallstones; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides.