Table 3.
Configural, weak, strong, and strict invariance models for each of three emotion regulation measures in the United States and India.
| Model | WLSMV χ2 | df | p | RMSEA (90% CI) | CFI | SRMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (10-item, 2-factor model) | ||||||
| 1a. ERQ – Males | 23.73 | 26 | .592 | .000 (.000, .066) | 1.000 | .079 |
| 1b. ERQ – Females | 14.78 | 26 | .961 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .069 |
| 1. Configural: ERQ across gender | 38.51 | 52 | .918 | .000 (.000, .024) | 1.000 | .068 |
| 2. Weak (metric: loadings equal) | 44.36 | 59 | .922 | .000 (.000, .022) | 1.000 | .073 |
| 3. Strong (scalar: thresholds equal) | 50.49 | 66 | .921 | .000 (.000, .021) | 1.000 | .077 |
| 4. Error variances equal | 54.53 | 75 | .964 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .082 |
| 5. Factor variances equal | 68.84 | 77 | .735 | .000 (.000, .043) | 1.000 | .092 |
| 6. Factor means equal | 71.27 | 78 | .692 | .000 (.000, .046) | 1.000 | .094 |
| Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire–Acceptance Subscale (8-item; 1-Factor Model) | ||||||
| 1a. FFMQ-A – Males | 7.52 | 20 | .995 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .042 |
| 1b. FFMQ-A – Females | 4.49 | 20 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .034 |
| 1. Configural: Acceptance across gender | 12.01 | 40 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .035 |
| 2. Weak (metric: loadings equal) | 17.61 | 47 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .042 |
| 3. Strong (scalar: thresholds equal) | 19.75 | 54 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .045 |
| 4. Error variances equal | 22.28 | 62 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .048 |
| 5. Factor variances equal | 69.70 | 63 | .262 | .032 (.000, .070) | 0.998 | .083 |
| 6. Factor means equal | 69.70 | 63 | .262 | .032 (.000, .070) | 0.998 | .083 |
| Ruminative Response Scale (10-item; 2-Factor Model) | ||||||
| 1a. RRS – Males | 22.76 | 34 | .929 | .000 (.000, .021) | 1.000 | .061 |
| 1b. RRS – Females | 8.97 | 34 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .043 |
| 1. Configural: RRS across gender | 31.74 | 68 | 1.000 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .049 |
| 2. Weak (metric: loadings equal) | 44.96 | 76 | .998 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .058 |
| 3. Strong (scalar: thresholds equal) | 49.12 | 84 | .999 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .061 |
| 4. Error variances equal | 57.90 | 94 | .999 | .000 (.000, .000) | 1.000 | .067 |
| 5. Factor variances equal | 75.23 | 96 | .942 | .000 (.000, .010) | 1.000 | .076 |
| 6. Factor means equal | 98.51 | 97 | .438 | .000 (.012, .054) | 1.000 | .088 |
Note. N= 246. WLSMV = weighted least squares estimator with means and variances adjusted; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CI = confidence interval; CFI = confirmatory factor analysis; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual.