Table 2.
Health, substance use, and demographic characteristics and unadjusted group comparisons across past-month CBD and marijuana use groups
| CBD/Marijuana Use Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group Differences | ||
| Overall (n = 2,534) | Current Non-use (n=1591) | Current CBD-only use (n=68) | Current Marijuana-only use (n=613) | Current CBD+Marijuana co-use (n=249) | Unadjusted group comparisons significant at p < .05 | |
| M (SD) /% | M (SD) /% | Mean (SD)/% | M (SD) /% | Mean (SD) /% | ||
| Physical and Mental Health Status | ||||||
| Overall Physical Healtha | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | Group 3 < Group 1 |
| Physical Ailmentsb | 2.0 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.4) | Group 3 < Group 4; Group 1 < Group 4 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 5.2 (5.6) | 4.8 (5.4) | 6.4 (5.6) | 5.3 (5.5) | 6.9 (6.2) | Group 3 < Group 4; Group 1 < Group 4 |
| Depression (PQH-8) | 5.6 (5.6) | 5.2 (5.5) | 6.4 (5.6) | 5.9 (5.4) | 7.0 (6.3) | Group 1 < Group 4; Group 1 < Group 3 |
| Marijuana Use | ||||||
| Lifetime Marijuana Use | 77.4% | 64.5% | 92.7% | 100% | 100% | Group 1< Group2 |
| Past-year Marijuana Use | 51.4% | 24.5% | 64.7% | 100% | 100% | Group 1 < Group 2 |
| Tobacco Use | ||||||
| Lifetime Tobacco Use | 75.3% | 64.3% | 86.8% | 94.1% | 95.2% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Year Tobacco Use | 40.5% | 26.0% | 52.9% | 63.1% | 73.1% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Month Tobacco Use | 23.1% | 11.4% | 25.0% | 40.1% | 54.6% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Alcohol Use | ||||||
| Lifetime Alcohol Use | 93.2% | 89.4% | 98.5% | 99.5% | 99.6% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Year Alcohol Use | 76.7% | 65.2% | 92.5% | 96.1% | 96.8% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Month Alcohol Use | 64.2% | 50.3% | 82.4% | 87.3% | 91.2% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Month Heavy Drinking | 36.8% | 22.5% | 38.2% | 60.2% | 69.1% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Other Substance Use | ||||||
| Lifetime Other Drug Use c | 53.2% | 40.3% | 56.7% | 73.7% | 83.5% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Year Other Drug Usec | 21.0% | 8.3% | 22.1% | 39.3% | 56.1% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Past-Month Other Drug Use c | 8.3% | 2.3% | 1.5% | 16.8% | 27.3% | Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Aged | 22.6 (0.8) | 22.6 (0.8) | 22.7 (0.7) | 22.5 (0.8) | 22.5 (0.8) | n/s |
| Gender | ||||||
| % Male | 44.6% | 43.6% | 22.1% | 49.4% | 44.2% | Group 2 < Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1 |
| % Female | 54.2% | 55.4% | 75.0% | 49.3% | 53.8% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 < Group 1 |
| % Other | 1.2% | 1.0% | 2.9% | 1.3% | 2.0% | n/s |
| Sexual orientatione: % Heterosexual/straight | 83.6% | 87.5% | 70.2% | 80.4% | 70.9% | Group 2 < Group 1; Group 3 < Group 1; Group 4 < Group 1 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| % Non-Hispanic White | 23.1% | 19.3% | 30.9% | 26.1% | 37.4% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
| % Hispanic | 46.8% | 47.1% | 50.0% | 48.5% | 40.2% | Group 4 < Group 1; |
| % Asian | 23.4% | 27.5% | 13.2% | 17.8% | 13.7% | Group 2 < Group 1; Group 3 < Group 1; Group 4 < Group 1 |
| % Other | 6.8% | 6.1% | 5.9% | 7.7% | 8.8% | n/s |
| Education: % College degree or higher | 42.5% | 44.6% | 44.1% | 38.0% | 38.6% | Group 3 < Group 1 |
| Currently employed | 74.0% | 73.2% | 69.1% | 75.4% | 76.4% | n/s |
| Mother’s education: % College degree or higher | 53.7% | 53.2% | 51.5% | 53.3% | 58.5% | n/s |
| Only Speak English at Home | 45.2% | 40.6% | 60.0% | 50.4% | 56.8% | Group 2 > Group 1; Group 3 > Group 1; Group 4 > Group 1 |
Note. Group differences for each variable or level (for multi-level categorical variables) were assessed using pairwise comparisons from bivariate ANOVA (for continuous variables) and logistic regression (for categorical variables) models. Directions of group differences that were significant at p < .05 are shown. n/s = indicates that no group comparisons were significant at p < .05. We selected this approach over, for example, multinomial logit models (e.g., specifying CBD/Marijuana group as the dependent variable) because the purpose was to compare defined groups on individual characteristics, rather than to predict group membership or product “choice.”
Overall physical health scored 1(poor) to 5(excellent).
Physical ailments summary score ranged 0 to 4, with higher scores reflecting more ailments.
Other drug use includes the following: cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, methamphetamine, prescription drug misuse, inhalant use, or any other illicit drug use.
Age range 18–26, 98% ages 21–24.
Sexual orientation was examined as a binary variable (heterosexual/straight vs. other); other category includes individuals who identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual, questioning, or asexual.
Employment status was examined as a binary variable (currently employed vs. not employed); currently employed category includes those individuals who reported currently working at a paid full-time or part-time job.