Table 1.
Participant demographic and neuropsychological dataa
| Variable | Young adult [mean (SD)] (n = 37) | Older adult [mean (SD)] (n = 35) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw | Scaled | ||
| Demographics | — | ||
| Age (yr) | 22.51 (3.59) | 75.86 (6.99) | — |
| Education (yr) | 15.19 (2.07) | 16.34 (2.29) | — |
| Sex (F:M) | 19:18 | 15:20 | — |
| TICS-m | — | 37.03 (3.04) | — |
| MoCA | — | 27.09(2.34) | — |
| Estimates of IQ | |||
| WAIS III Matrix Reasoning | 24.14 (5.26) | 14.40 (2.67) | |
| Shipley Vocabulary | 35.94 (3.28) | 12.54 (2.70) | |
| Memory | |||
| CVLT-II Learning | — | 49.29 (9.77) | 13.00 (2.75) |
| CVLT-II Short Delay FR | — | 11.74 (2.42) | 11.16 (3.19) |
| CVLT-II Long Delay FR | — | 10.57 (3.32) | 11.45 (2.88) |
| WMS-R Visual PA I | — | 11.97 (3.29) | 11.71 (2.47) |
| WMS-R Visual PA II | — | 4.97 (1.40) | 11.97 (1.72) |
| WMS-R Verbal PA I | — | 16.03 (2.96) | 9.94 (2.25) |
| WMS-R Verbal PA II | — | 6.77 (1.17) | 11.54 (2.49) |
| WAIS III Digit Symbol IL FR | — | 7.31 (0.93) | 10.43 (1.07) |
| WAIS III Digit Symbol IL PR | — | 11.89 (4.32) | 10.40 (1.42) |
| Language | |||
| BNT-15 | — | 53.71 (4.93) | 11.06 (2.77) |
| Phonemic Fluency (FAS) | — | 47.40 (13.16) | 11.46 (3.46) |
| Semantic Fluency (Animals) | — | 19.00 (5.27) | 10.47 (3.59) |
| WAIS-III Digit Symbol | — | 60.97 (14.42) | 12.80 (2.77) |
| D-KEFS Trails Numbers | — | 38.97 (12.18) | 12.94 (2.18) |
| D-KEFS Trails Letters | — | 37.74 (11.41) | 12.89 (1.64) |
| D-KEFS Trails N-L Switch | — | 98.97 (37.95) | 12.03 (2.51) |
| D-KEFS Color | — | 30.55 (5.59) | 11.54 (2.22) |
| D-KEFS Word | — | 22.85 (4.56) | 11.17 (2.93) |
| D-KEFS Inhibition | — | 57.59 (13.69) | 12.91 (1.90) |
| Alpha Span | — | 28.51 (9.28) | 10.60 (3.10) |
| WCST Perseverative Errors % | — | 14.12 (10.19) | 13.20 (4.41) |
| WCST Categories | — | 4.66 (1.94) | — |
| Questionnaires | |||
| HADS Anxiety | — | 4.69 (2.89) | — |
| HADS Depression | — | 2.51 (2.16) | — |
| EPW | — | 6.69 (2.96) | — |
| PSQI | — | 5.76 (2.99) | — |
aTICS-m, modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (raw score out of 50); MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; FR, Free Recall; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; PA, Paired Associates; PR, Paired Recall; IL, Incidental Learning; BNT, Boston Naming Test; FAS, phonemic fluency to the letters F, A, and S; D-KEFS, Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System; N-L, Number-Letter; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; EPW, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.