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Schematic of biochemical and functional changes in response to stretch and modifying factors. αSMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin; AP1, activator protein 1; ECM, extracellular matrix; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; p38, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; RhoA, Ras homolog family member A.
