Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 18;118(2):597–611. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab054

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Epithelial and mesenchymal human epicardial cells signal through EV release. (A) Brightfield image of human epicardial cells in culture after expansion from patient RAA biopsy, displaying epithelial morphology. (B) Brightfield image of human epicardial cells in culture after expansion from patient RAA biopsy, displaying mesenchymal spindle morphology after spontaneous activation in vitro. (C) Size characterization of EVs by nanoparticle-tracking graph showing a mode of particle size of 93 nm. (D) TEM image of EVs isolated from epicardial conditioned media. Note the cupped-shaped morphology and size (80 nm). Data in (C) is presented as frequency of EVs in a given size. Scale bars: (A) 100 µm; (D) 100 nm.