Table 2.

Ongoing trials examining ketone supplementation or ketogenic diet with cognitive outcomes (source: https://clinicaltrials.gov).

Team	CT identifier	Enrollment date	Design	Population	Number of participants	Follow-up (weeks)	Outcomes
Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark	NCT05012748	Aug 21 → Nov 23	RCT crossover, KD vs. CD	Healthy obese patients 50–70 years	12	2 × 3	Circulating concentrations of free fatty acids (PET MRI)
Cognitive Neurology Center, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris France	NCT04701957	Feb 21 → Feb 23	RCT, KD vs. CD	Adults with AD (biomarkers)	70	52	Feasibility, cognition, brain metabolism, IADL, side effects
Clinical and Translational Science Unit, University of Kansas Medical Center and NIH, USA	NCT03860792	Oct 19 → Nov 23	RCT, KD + MCT vs. CD	Adults with AD	80	12	Cognition, cerebral concentration of N-Acetylaspartate, blood platelet mitochondrial function
Wake Forest University Health Sciences (USA)	NCT03130036	Jun 15 → Feb 23	Non randomized parallel assignment	Healthy/at risk for AD/early AD	60	–	Brain biodistribution of ketone, [11C]Acetoacetate PET imaging
Université de Sherbrooke, Canada	NCT04322461	Mar 20 → Dec 21	Non randomized MCT + physical activity	AD and Parkinson's disease	20	8	Cognition

AD, Alzheimer's disease; CD, control diet; KB, ketone bodies; KD, ketogenic diet; KS, ketone supplementation; NCT, National Clinical Trial; PET, positon emission tomography; RCT, randomized controlled trial.