Table 1. The Penicillium strains used in this study.
| No | Species | Strain ID | FLUa | IPRb | PRNc | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | P. brasilanum | IFM 42067 (= IFO 6234) | S | S | R | soil |
| 2 | P. brasilanum | IFM 42077 | S | R | R | unknown |
| 3 | P. brasilanum | IFM 60071 | S | S | R | environmental isolate |
| 4 | P. brasilanum | IFM 60072 | R | S | R | environmental isolate |
| 5 | P. camemberti | IFM 49450 (= CBS 299.48) | S | S | R | French Camembert cheese |
| 6 | P. camemberti | IFM 54179 | S | S | R | environmental isolate |
| 7 | P. camemberti | IFM 61933 | S | S | R | tongue (dead body) |
| 8 | P. camemberti | NBRC 5855 | S | S | R | unknown |
| 9 | P. camemberti | NBRC 32215 | S | S | S | Commercial cheese |
| 10 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105299 | S | S | R | Camembert cheese imported from France |
| 11 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105301 | R | S | R | Camembert cheese imported from France, Japan |
| 12 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105305 | S | S | S | Lys bleu cheese imported from France |
| 13 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105306 | S | S | S | Bonifaz cheese imported from Germany, Japan |
| 14 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105307 | S | S | S | Bonifaz cheese imported from Germany |
| 15 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105308 | S | S | S | Cambozola cheese imported from Germany |
| 16 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105309 | S | S | S | Cambozola cheese imported from Germany, Japan |
| 17 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105310 | S | S | S | Bavariablu cheese imported from Germany |
| 18 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105314 | S | S | S | Natural cheese made in Hokkaido, Japan |
| 19 | P. camemberti | NBRC 105315 | S | S | S | Camembert cheese made in Japan |
| 20 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 40614 | S | S | S | unknown |
| 21 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 47464 (= CBS 349.48) | R | S | R | unknown, UK |
| 22 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 47768 | S | S | S | unknown, Japan |
| 23 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 52203 | S | S | S | bathroom, Brazil |
| 24 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 52204 | S | S | S | kitchen, Brazil |
| 25 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 56829 | S | S | S | 50 man, China |
| 26 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 57112 | S | S | S | bioresource |
| 27 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 57243 (= CBS 282.97) | R | R | R | dust from school, Denmark |
| 28 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 57244 (= CBS 798.97) | R | R | R | Apeldoorn / indoor environment, Netherland |
| 29 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 57245 (= CBS 478.84) | R | S | R | air, fruit store, Denmark |
| 30 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 59766 | S | S | S | buttock (dead body) |
| 31 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 60605 | R | S | R | skin of jaw (dead body) |
| 32 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 60953 | S | S | S | right finger (dead body) |
| 33 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 61615 | S | S | S | swab from patient’s house |
| 34 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 61632 | S | S | S | face (dead body) |
| 35 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 62336 | S | S | S | trachea (dead body) |
| 36 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 63007 | S | S | R | right leg (dead body) |
| 37 | P. chrysogenum | IFM 64696 | S | S | S | breast bone (dead body) |
| 38 | P. decumbens | IFM 46582 | S | R | R | contaminant of Sporotrichosis patient |
| 39 | P. decumbens | IFM 63512 | S | S | R | bedroom |
| 40 | P. digitatum | IFM 60598 | S | R | S | lemon |
| 41 | P. digitatum | IFM 63755 | S | S | R | 62 F, sputum, ABPM |
| 42 | P. expansum | IFM 40618 | S | S | S | unknown |
| 43 | P. expansum | IFM 47463 (= CBS 325.48) | S | S | S | fruit of Malus syvestris |
| 44 | P. expansum | IFM 47478 (= IFO 8800) | S | S | S | unknown, Patulin production |
| 45 | P. expansum | IFM 52210 | S | S | S | nursing room, Brazil |
| 46 | P. expansum | IFM 58916 | S | S | S | unknown, cyclopiazone acid production |
| 47 | P. expansum | IFM 62049 | S | S | S | refrigerator |
| 48 | P. flavigenum | IFM 54184 (= CBS 110406) | S | S | S | soil under Chrysothamnus nauseosus |
| 49 | P. flavigenum | IFM 54185 (= CBS 110407) | S | R | R | white beans |
| 50 | P. flavigenum | IFM 54186 (= CBS 419.89) | S | R | S | flour |
| 51 | P. griseofulvum | IFM 42069 (= IAM 7212) | S | S | S | unknown |
| 52 | P. griseofulvum | IFM 47730 (= IFO 7640) | S | S | S | unknown, Belgium |
| 53 | P. griseofulvum | IFM 47791 (= CBS 124.14) | S | R | R | soil, UK |
| 54 | P. griseofulvum | IFM 54187 | S | S | R | unknown |
| 55 | P. griseofulvum | IFM 54314 | S | R | S | soil |
| 56 | P. italicum | IFM 49452 (= CBS 719.73) | S | S | S | fruit of Citrus sp., Israel |
| 57 | P. italicum | IFM 49453 (= CBS 339.48) | S | S | S | fruit of Citrus sp., USA |
| 58 | P. italicum | IFM 52160 | S | S | S | orpharyngeal swab, Brazil |
| 59 | P. italicum | IFM 53256 (= NBRC 9419) | S | S | S | fruit of Satsuma orange |
| 60 | P. italicum | IFM 59474 | S | S | S | orange of NZ, isolated in Japan |
| 61 | P. oxalicum | IFM 49446 (= CBS 219.30) | S | S | S | soil, USA |
| 62 | P. oxalicum | IFM 54751 | R | S | R | enironmental isolate |
| 63 | P. oxalicum | IFM 55886 | S | S | R | soil, China |
| 64 | P. oxalicum | IFM 57073 | S | R | S | garbage |
| 65 | P. oxalicum | IFM 59246 | R | R | R | skin (Trichechus manatus) |
| 66 | P. oxalicum | IFM 60000 | S | S | S | skull (dead body) |
| 67 | P. oxalicum | IFM 61428 | S | S | S | BALF, drowning |
| 68 | P. oxalicum | IFM 62137 | S | R | R | bean sprouts |
| 69 | P. oxalicum | IFM 62827 | S | R | R | 92 F, cornea |
| 70 | P. oxalicum | IFM 62922 | R | S | R | 49 M, tracheal mucus plug |
| 71 | P. oxalicum | IFM 62931 | S | S | S | 62 M, washing solution (lung) |
| 72 | P. oxalicum | IFM 62937 | R | R | R | 72 M, left lung apex cavity, simple pulmonary aspergilloma |
| 73 | P. oxalicum | IFM 63612 | R | R | R | 68 F, BALF |
| 74 | P. oxalicum | IFM 63698 | R | S | R | 12 F, sputum |
| 75 | P. oxalicum | IFM 65074 | S | R | S | 54 F, sputum |
| 76 | P. roqueforti | IFM 47733 (= IFO 4622) | S | S | S | requefort cheese |
| 77 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48062 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Gorgonzola) |
| 78 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48063 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Cambozola) |
| 79 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48064 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Dana blue) |
| 80 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48065 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Blue-S) |
| 81 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48066 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Stilton) |
| 82 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48067 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Stilton) |
| 83 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48068 | S | R | S | Blue-veained cheese (Roquefort) |
| 84 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48069 | S | R | S | Blue-veained cheese (Roquefort) |
| 85 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48070 | S | R | S | Blue-veained cheese (Blue-S) |
| 86 | P. roqueforti | IFM 48071 | S | S | S | Blue-veained cheese (Blue-H) |
| 87 | P. roqueforti | IFM 58915 | S | S | S | unknown, cyclopiazone acid production |
| 88 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 4622 | S | S | S | Roquefort cheese |
| 89 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 5459 | S | S | S | French roquefort cheese, USA |
| 90 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 5754 | S | S | S | unknown |
| 91 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 5956 | R | R | S | unknown |
| 92 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 6400 | S | S | S | unknown |
| 93 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 7693 | S | S | S | unknown |
| 94 | P. roqueforti | NBRC 8799 | S | S | S | unknown |
| 95 | P. steckii | IFM 62327 | S | S | S | leg (dead body) |
| 96 | P. steckii | IFM 63697 | S | S | S | 82 F, eye |
| 97 | P. steckii | IFM 64403 | S | S | S | noodle soup |
| 98 | P. steckii | IFM 64663 | S | S | S | cockroach |
| 99 | P. steckii | IFM 64664 | S | S | R | cockroach |
a FLU indicates fludioxonil: S and R indicate sensitive and resistant, respectively.
b IPR indicates iprodione.
c PRN indicates pyrrolnitrin.