TABLE 1.

ENIGMA-Sleep samples characteristics and the available imaging, genetics and sleep data

General sample information						Age range (y)				MRI information	Type of MRI data					Objective sleep assessment		Sleep questionnaires and genetic information
Sample #	Country	Institute	Disorder	F/M ratio (~)	# Number of subjects	Children (<11)	Adolescents (11-18)	Younger Adults (18-55)	Older Adults (>55)	Field strength (T)	T1-w	DTI	rs-fMRI	MRS	Task fmri	Acti- graphy	Poly- somno- graphy	GWAS	PSQI	sleep diary	AHI	ISI	BERLIN	ASWS	CSM	ELIT	GSAQ	HSDQ	MEQ	JHRLSS	RLS- DI	KSQ	KSNS	DTS	Other
1	Kermanshah, iran	KUMS	Insomnia	1.660	57	---	---	57	11	1.5	76	43	57	0	0	0	57	0	76	0	0	23	0	0	0	0	57	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	ESS, HAM-A, HAM-D, BAI, BDI
	Kermanshah, iran	KUMS	OSA	0.272	14	---	---	7	7	1.5	14	14	14	0	0	0	14	0	14	0	14	0	14	0	0	0	14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	ESS
	Kermanshah, iran	KUMS	Healthy controls	1.290	53	---	---	67	11	1.5	72	48	53	0	0	0	0	0	72	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	53	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	ESS, HAM-A, HAM-D, BAI, BDI
2	Milano, Italy	IRCCS	Bipolar	0.620	142	---	---	105	37	3	75	75	75	0	50	142	0	0	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	142	0	0	0	0	0	HAM-D, DSM-V
	Milano, Italy	IRCCS	MDD	0.860	49	---	---	35	14	3	0	0	0	0	0	49	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	49	0	0	0	0	0	HAM-D, DSM-V
	Milano, Italy	IRCCS	Healthy controls	0.650	20	---	---	14	6	3	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	HAM-D, DSM-V
3	Singapore	NUS	Healthy controls	0.500	52	---	52	---	---	3	52	0	52	0	0	52	52	0	52	52	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	52	0	0	0	0	0
	Singapore	NUS	Sleep deprivation in healthy participants	0.480	35	---	---	35	---	3	35	0	35	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4	Greifswald, Germany	DPPUMG	Insomnia disorders	0.850	1,217	---	---	676	541	1.5	841	0	0	0	0	0	1,062	1,150	1,007	0	1,062	1,217	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	0	0	0	ESS, CTQ, PHQ–9, BDI–2, SF–12, TAS–20
	Greifswald, Germany	DPPUMG	OSA	0.850	1,109	---	---	592	517	1.5	763	0	0	0	0	0	1,109	1,046	913	0	1,109	1,062	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,067	0	0	0	ESS, CTQ, PHQ–9, BDI–2, SF–12, TAS–20
5	Stockholm, Sweden	Karolinska Institutet	Sleep restriction in healthy participants	1.047	84	---	---	47	39	3	86	0	68	0	86	0	86	0	84	86	0	86	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	86	86	86	HADS, frozen plasma, frozen DNA
	Stockholm, Sweden	Karolinska Institutet	Sleep deprivation in healthy participants	0.650	47	---	---	47	---	3	47	47	38	0	38	26	0	0	38	38	0	47	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	47	0	0	HADS, frozen plasma, frozen DNA
6	Rotterdam, Netherlands	Erasmus MC	Population-based sample	1.446	14,926	---	---	1606	13,320	1.5	5,286	5,286	2,668	0	0	2,430	912	11,502	9,950	2,430	796	0	926	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	IRLS
7	Freiburg, Germany	UFMC	Insomnia	1.770	50	---	---	---	---	3	50	24	20	20	28	0	42	0	50	50	42	42	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Freiburg, Germany	UFMC	Healthy controls	1.300	47	---	---	---	---	3	47	35	20	20	38	0	39	0	47	47	39	39	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	Amsterdam, Netherlands	NINS	Insomnia	2.984	251	---	---	164	87	1.5,3	251	251	251	0	251	251	251	0	251	251	0	251	251	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Amsterdam, Netherlands	NINS	Healthy controls	2.406	109	---	---	76	33	1.5, 3	109	109	109	0	109	109	109	0	109	109	0	109	109	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	France	NeuroSpin	Bipolar	0.643	28	---	---	28	---	3	28	28	28	0	0	28	0	28	28	28	0	0	0	0	28	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	France	NeuroSpin	Healthy controls	0.867	28	---	---	28	---	3	28	28	28	0	0	28	0	28	28	28	0	0	0	0	28	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia	Deakin University	ADHD	0.377	84	---	84	---	---	3	84	84	84	0	0	0	0	84	0	0	0	0	0	84	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia	Deakin University	Healthy controls	0.900	76	---	76	---	---	3	76	76	76	0	0	0	0	76	0	0	0	0	0	76	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
11	Amsterdam, Netherlands	AMC	ADHD	0.000	48	21	27	---	---	3	48	48	48	0	48	48	0	0	0	48	0	0	0	0	0	48	0	48	0	48	0	0	0	0
12	Houston, Texas, Texas	UTHSCH	BD, MDD	1.829	99	---	---	62	37	3	99	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	99	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Houston, Texas, Texas	UTHSCH	Healthy controls	1.579	49	---	---	28	21	3	49	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	49	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	California, United States	UCSF	MDD	1.895	55	---	55	---	---	3	53	50	49	84	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	PHQ–9, RADS–2, CDRS-R
	California, United States	UCSF	Healthy controls	1.400	24	---	24	---	---	3	22	19	21	39	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	PHQ–9, RADS–2, CDRS-R
14	Groningen, Netherlands	UG	MDD	2.833	23	---	---	18	5	3	23	18	0	0	23	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	BDI-II, FAS–10, TAS–20
	Groningen, Netherlands	UG	Healthy controls	2.429	24	---	---	18	6	3	24	20	0	0	24	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	BDI-II, FAS–10, TAS–20
15	Brisbane, Australia	UQL	Healthy controls	0.936	422	174	248	---	---	3	406	395	310	0	0	188	0	0	0	247	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	PDSS
16	Maryland, United States	UMSOM	Family-based recruitment sample focused on cross-diagnostic illnesses research	1.363	560	---	---	420	140	3	560	560	560	560	560	0	0	560	560	560	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	PSS, LIS
17	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia	ACU	Sleep deprivation in healthy participants	1.000	20	---	---	20	---	3	20	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia	ACU	Healthy Controls	1.030	67	---	---	---	67	3	67	67	67	0	0	0	0	0	67	67	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
18	Oslo, Norway	OUH	Sleep deprivation in healthy participants	0.600	25	---	---	25	---	3	25	25	25	0	0	25	0	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Oslo, Norway	OUH	Healthy Controls	0.600	25	---	---	25	---	3	25	25	25	0	0	25	0	25	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	PVT, HMEQ, BIS
19	Trondheim, Norway	NTNU	Habitual sleep patterns + deprivation in healthy participants	0.494	92	---	---	92	---	3	88	88	88	0	88	88	0	0	92	88	0	92	0	0	0	0	0	0	92	0	0	0	92	0	ESS, FSS, CFS, PSS, MCQ–30, CAS–1, BRIEF-A, HSCL-25, NEO-PI-3, neuropsychological testing
20	Liège, Belgium	GIGA-CRC	Healthy Controls	2.000	90	---	---	---	90	3	90	90	90	0	90	90	90	0	90	90	0	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	0	0	0	90	0	Educational level, ESS, BDI, BAI, STAI Y-A, MILL HILL, SPAQ, PSS, (BMI, waist to hip, blood pressure), leasure, sport, profession, NEO-FFI, SF36, neuropsychological testing
	Liège, Belgium	GIGA-CRC	Healthy Controls	2.194	101	---	---	---	101	3	101	101	0	0	0	101	101	101	101	101	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	101	0	0	0	101	0	As above
	Liège, Belgium	GIGA-CRC	sleep deprivation in healthy participants	0.000	364	---	---	364	---	3	360	360	0	0	0	364	364	364	364	364	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	364	0	0	0	364	0	As above

ACU, Australian Catholic University; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; AMC, Academic Medical Center; ASWS, Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BIS, Bergen Insomnia Scale; BRIEF-A, Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults; CAS, Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies; CDRS-R, Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised; CFS, Chalder Fatigue Scale; CSM, Composite Scale of Morningness; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; DPPUMG, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald; DSM-V, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DTS, Diurnal Type Scale; ELIT, Evaluation List Insomnia Therapy; Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FAS, Fatigue Assessment Scale; FSS, Fatigue Severity Scale; GIGA-CRC, GIGA-Cyclotron Reaserch Center in Vivo Imaging; GSAQ, Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire; GWAS, Genome-Wide Association Study; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HMEQ, Horne-Østberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; HSCL-25, Hopkins Symptom Checklist; HSDQ, Holland Sleep Disorders Questionnaire; IRCCS, Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital; IRLS, International Restless Legs Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; JHRLSS, Johns Hopkins Restless Legs Severity Scale; KSNS, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; KSQ, Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire; KUMS, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; LIS, Laboratory information system; LSI, Lifetime Stressor Inventory; MCQ-30, Metacognition Questionnaire; MEQ, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; NEO-PI, Neo Personality Inventory-Revised; NINS, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience; NTNU, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet; NUS, National University of Singapore; OUH, Oslo University Hospital; PDSS, Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; PVT, Psychomotor vigilance test; RADS, Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale; RLS-DI, Restless Legs Syndrome-Diagnostic Index; SF12, Short Form (12); SPAQ, Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; TAS-20, Toronto Alexithymia Scale; UCSF, University of California San Francisco; UFMC, University of Freiburg Medical Center; UG, University of Groningen; UMSOM, University of Maryland School of Medicine; UQL, University of Queensland; UTHSCH, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.