Figure 2. Neoadjuvant vaccinations with GBM6-AD lysate and poly-ICLC induced the upregulation of type-1 chemokines and cytokines in peripheral blood.

Serum concentrations of multiple chemokines and cytokines were measured by Luminex multiplex assay. The type-1 chemokine CXCL10 was elevated in arm 1 samples on the day of surgery, within 48 hours of the last neoadjuvant vaccination. Effector cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10, also demonstrated significant upregulation after the neoadjuvant vaccines. *P < 0.05 (calculated by paired Wilcoxon test) and **P < 0.05 (calculated by nonpaired Wilcoxon test).