Figure 6. PD-1–laIL-2 promotes TIL differentiation into proliferating PD-1⁺TIM3⁺CD8⁺ effector T cells.

A20 tumor-bearing mice (n = 5/group) were treated with equal molar amounts of Erb–laIL-2 (20 μg) and anti–PD-1 (10 μg) (PD-1_Erb.laIL-2) or PD-1–laIL-2 (20 μg) on day 17. Three days later, CD3⁺ T cells from the tumor were sorted for single-cell RNA sequencing. (A) Single-cell trajectories of CD8⁺ T cell clusters. (B–D) Gene set enrichment analysis of IL-2–STAT5 signaling (B), T cell receptor signaling (C), and IFN-γ (D) response-related genes in cluster 5 compared with other CD8⁺ T cell clusters.