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. 2022 Jan 29;14(1):e21712. doi: 10.7759/cureus.21712

Figure 3. The molecular mechanism of insulin resistance and breast cancer.

Figure 3

Figure created by the authors on Microsoft PowerPoint (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA).

SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Ras: rat sarcoma; MAPK/Akt: mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B.