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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2021 Jun 18;239:118262. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118262

Figure 5: Models for Measurement Contamination, Spuriousness, and Mediation.

Figure 5:

Note. This figure is adapted from Spector and Brannick (2011). Lowercase letters refer to observed indicators (in boxes), whereas uppercase letters refer to latent indicators (constructs, in circles).