TABLE 3.
Acute test-meal studies comparing the effects of SFA-rich meals and meals rich in unsaturated FAs on postprandial lipemia in subjects with risk factors for CVD1
| Reference | Health condition | Age and BMI of subject group (n) | Study design | Energy, kcal | Meal composition | Amount of fat source | Fat source/meal pattern | FA composition | Blood collection, h | Results2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diekmann et al. (43) | Characteristics of metabolic syndrome | 70 ± 5 y, 30 ± 2 kg/m2 (n = 26) | Crossover | 1014 | 59 g fat, 26 g protein, 94 g CHO | Not stated | Western diet | 32 g SFA, 20 g MUFA, 4 g PUFA3 | 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 | iAUC0-4.5h Western diet meal > Mediterranean diet meal (P < 0.001) |
| 1015 | 40 g fat, 26 g protein, 133 g CHO | Mediterranean diet | 5 g SFA, 20 g MUFA, 11 g PUFA3 | |||||||
| Karupaiah and Sundram (45) | Cholesterol fasting 5.26 ± 0.78 mmol/L | 36 ± 5 y, 22 ± 2 kg/m2 (n = 15) | Crossover, 1 wk before intervention 50 g/d of fat source of postprandial protocol | 1010 | 53 g fat, 32 g protein, 101 g CHO | 50 g | Palm olein | 42% SFA, 45% MUFA, 11% PUFA4 | 0, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7 | No significant difference |
| 42 EN% SFA, 46 EN% MUFA, 12 EN% PUFA3 | ||||||||||
| Palm olein and soy oil | 26% SFA, 40% MUFA, 32% PUFA4 | |||||||||
| 27 EN% SFA, 41 EN% MUFA, 30 EN% PUFA3 | ||||||||||
| Palm olein and canola oil | 14% SFA, 58% MUFA, 26% PUFA4 | |||||||||
| 18 EN% SFA, 56 EN% MUFA, 24 EN% PUFA3 | ||||||||||
| Lopez et al. (25) | TG fasting >2.26 mmol/L | 33 ± 7 y, 24 ± 5 kg/m2 (n = 14) | Crossover, single-blind | 10 kcal/kg body weight (mean 800 kcal) | Not stated | 0 g | No fat | Not stated | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | iAUC0-8h butter > olive oil (P < 0.05) |
| 72% fat, 6% protein, 22% CHO | 50 g/m2 body surface | Butter | 65% SFA, 31% MUFA, 3% PUFA4 | |||||||
| Olive oil | 15% SFA, 81% MUFA, 4% PUFA4 | |||||||||
| Schönknecht et al. (44) | Characteristics of metabolic syndrome | 70 ± 5 y, 31 ± 3 kg/m2 (n = 60) | Crossover | 1010 | 59 g fat, 26 g protein, 94 g CHO | Not stated | High-fat Western diet | 32 g SFA, 20 g MUFA, 4 g PUFA3 | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | iAUC0-5h high-fat Western diet meal > other meals (P < 0.001) |
| 1013 | 34 g fat, 26 g protein, 145 g CHO | Low-fat Western diet | 19 g SFA, 11 g MUFA, 2 g PUFA3 | |||||||
| 1012 | 40 g fat, 26 g protein, 133 g CHO | Mediterranean diet | 6 g SFA, 24 g MUFA, 9 g PUFA3 |
1
Age and BMI are given as means ± SDs. Numbers are rounded to whole numbers. CHO, carbohydrate; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EN%, energy percentage; FA, fatty acid; iAUC, incremental AUC.
2
Referring to comparisons between AUC of postprandial TG concentration (plasma, serum, capillary blood) after SFA-rich meals and meals rich in unsaturated FAs.
3
Referring to the content of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA in the meal.
4
Referring to the content of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA in the fat source.