Fig. 2.

Specificity in the effect of attacker sequence of multi-herbivore attack on resistance to a late-arriving herbivore. Weight (mg) of Plutella xylostella larvae after feeding for five days from Brassica nigra plants previously attacked by sequences of four herbivore events (N = 18). Dark yellow and dark green boxplots indicate herbivore sequences that received four times a chewer or a phloem feeder, respectively. Light yellow and light green boxplots indicate herbivore sequences of two chewers plus two phloem feeders, where the first attacker was a chewer or a phloem feeder, respectively. Herbivore sequences that affected P. xylostella growth (compared to control, untreated plants) are marked in bold and with asterisks with significance levels *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. Boxplot height corresponds to the first and third quartiles (Q1 and Q3), and the middle line to the median. Letters above the boxplots show significant differences (MLM, posthoc Tukey). Leaf chewers: Plutella xylostella (Px) and Athalia rosae (Ar). Phloem-feeding aphids Brevicoryne brassicae (Bb) and Myzus persicae (Mp)