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. 2021 Oct 13;198(1):11–20. doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-05043-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Both the first and last herbivore in a sequence of four affects plant resistance to the fifth attacker Plutella xylostella. Weight (mg) of P. xylostella larvae after feeding as fifth herbivore from Brassica nigra plants that were previously attacked by four sets of herbivores where: a the first attacker was either a chewer, an aphid or untreated plants (Ctrl). b The first attacker was Plutella xylostella (Px), Athalia rosae (Ar), Brevicoryne brassicae (Bb), Myzus persicae (Mp), or untreated plants (Ctrl). c The last attacker was either a chewer, an aphid or untreated plants (Ctrl). d The last attacker was Plutella xylostella (Px), Athalia rosae (Ar), Brevicoryne brassicae (Bb), Myzus persicae (Mp), or untreated plants (Ctrl). Boxplot height corresponds to the first and third quartiles (Q1 and Q3), and the middle line to the median. Letters above the boxplots show significant differences (MLM, posthoc Tukey)