Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Baseline characteristics | Median (interquartile range) | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 (57–71) | |
| Male | 1582 (62) | |
| ECOG PS ≥ 2 (vs 0–1) | 141 (20) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.0 (9.5–12.5) | |
| Hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL | 720 (33) | |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 210 (162–262) | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | |
| Creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL | 319 (16) | |
| LDH > ULN (units/L) | 298 (17) | |
| B2M (µg/ml) | 4.0 (2.7–6.6) | |
| B2M > 5.5 vs. (≤5.5) | 701 (32) | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 (3.2–3.9) | |
| Albumin ≤ 3.5 (vs. >3.5) | 928 (48) | |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.5 (9.0–10.1) | |
| Calcium ≥ 11 mg/dL | 215 (11) | |
| Serum M spike (g/dL) | 2.5 (0.7–3.9) | |
| Urine M spike (g/24 h) | 0.05 (0–0.50) | |
| Urine albumin (g/24 h) | 0.05 (0.02–0.14) | |
| IgA MM | 464 (25) | |
| IgG MM | 1177 (62) | |
| LC MM | 214 (11) | |
| Involved LC | ||
| Kappa | 1252 (65) | |
| Lambda | 674 (35) | |
| ISS Stage III (vs. I&II) | 710 (33) | |
| BMPCs (%) | 50 (30–70) | |
| PCLI (%) | 0.8 (0.3–1.5) | |
| First-line treatment | ||
| PI | 727 (31) | |
| IMiD | 720 (31) | |
| PI + IMiD | 804 (34) | |
| Other | 107 (5) | |
| Transplant | 1399 (55) | |
| Early (≤1 year from diagnosis) | 1184 (85) | |
| Late (>1 year from diagnosis) | 215 (15) |
Clinical and laboratory characteristics at diagnosis of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma included in the study. The median (range) are presented for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables.
B2M beta2microglobulin, BMPCs bone marrow plasma cells, IMiD immunomodulatory drug, ISS international staging system, LC light chain, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MM multiple myeloma, PCLI plasma cell labeling index, PI proteasome inhibitor, PS performance status, ULN upper limit of normal.