Fig. 4.

Hemorrhage-derived reactive oxygen species regulate AQP4 expression in intracerebral hemorrhage. a Illustration of the in vitro co-culture system of astrocytes and endothelial cells. b Representative confocal images of AQP4 in the astrocyte end-feet under treatment with H₂O₂ with or without ROS scavenger (magnification, × 63). c Expression levels of AQP4 in astrocytes in the co-culture under treatment with H₂O₂ with or without ROS scavenger in indicated concentrations. d Representative confocal images showing AQP4 expression in the astrocyte-foot process in normal tissue and PHE tissue (magnification, × 20). e Representative confocal images showing ROS expression (CellRox, DHE) in the PHE area (magnification, × 20). f AQP4 expression in the PHE region with or without ROS scavenger treatment. White scale bar, 20 μm; yellow scale bar, 50 μm; magenta scale bar, 500 μm. Data are mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01