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. 2022 Jan 18;12:797577. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797577

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Copyright © 2022 Gagne, Piot and Brake.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The differential roles of ovarian hormones in the microglial immune response. PGRMC1 activation induces microglial activation whereas PR and E2 quiesces it. PGRMC1 binds to progesterone leading to the inhibition of neurite outgrowth, microglia activation through the expression of CD11b and CD18, and the inhibition of BDNF. Conversely, GPER1 activation by E2 reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, E2 reduces microglial phagocytosis and cell migration through activation of the MAPK pathway and inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species NO and O2⁻. PR activation also has an anti- inflammatory effect through the inhibition of a various of inflammatory cytokines. Created with BioRender.com.