TABLE 1.
Summary of the main areas of research and potential applications of pyroptosis in osteoarthritis (Wang et al., 2021; Li et al., 2021a; Li C. et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2020; Zu et al., 2019; Zhao L. R. et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Zhang and Xing, 2019; Xiao et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2019b; Qian et al., 2021).
| Important targets | Disease | Experimental subjects | Intervention factors | Cytokines | Biological function | Activation pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLRP1, NLRP3 | KOA | Human FLSs | LPS, ATP | IL-1β, uricacid, IL-18 | Promote pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l |
| NLRP3 | OA | Male Wistar mice chondrocytes | Icariin (ICA), LPS | MMP-1, MMP-13, NRLP3, IL-1β, IL-18, Col II | Inhibits pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l |
| NRF2, NLRP3 | OA | C57BL/6 male mice chondrocytes | Lico A, LPS | NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, Col II, aggrecan | Inhibits pyroptosis | NRF2/HO-1/NF-κB, Inflammasome, Caspase-l, p65, IκB-α |
| NLRP3 | OA | C57BL/6 male mice | Loganin | MMP-3, MMP-13, Col II, Col X, CD31, cryopyrin, caspase-1, endomucin | Inhibits pyroptosis | NF-κB, Inflammasome, Caspase-l, p65, IκB-α |
| NLRP1, NLRP3 | OA | C57BL/6J mice chondrocytes | Morroniside, DMM | MMP13, NLRP3, Caspase-1, Caspase-3, Ki67 | Inhibits pyroptosis | NF-κB, Inflammasome, Caspase-l, p65, IκB-α |
| Hedgehog | OA | C57BL/6 male mice, Human chondrocyte cell (C28/I2) | GANT-61, Indomethacin, LPS | TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1 | Inhibits pyroptosis | Caspase-l, Hedgehog, Inflammasome |
| NLRP3 | OA | C57BL/6 male mice, Human FLSs | SDF-1 aka CXCL12 | NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, GSDMD | Inhibits pyroptosis | AMPK, PI3K–mTOR, Caspase-l, Inflammasome |
| NLRP3 | KOA | SD male rats, fibroblasts, synovial macrophage | LPS, ATP | IL-1β, IL-18, HMGB1, Caspase1, NLRP3, ASC, TGF-β, PLOD2, COL1A1, TIMP1, GSDMD | Inhibits pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l |
| NLRP1, NLRP3 | KOA | SD male rats, FLSs | HMGB1, LPS, ATP | IL-1β, HMGB1, Caspase1, NLRP3, NLRP1, GSDMD | Promote pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l |
| NLRP1, NLRP3 | KOA | SD female rats, FLSs | HIF-1α, LPS, ATP | IL-1β, IL-18, TGF-β, ASC, PLOD2, COL1A1, TIMP1, GSDMD, caspase-11 | Promote pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l |
| NLRP3 | OA | SD rats, Chondrocytes | USP7, NOX4, H2O2 | Caspase1, MMP-1, MMP-13, GSDMD, NLRP3 | Promote pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Ubiquitinylation, Caspase-l, NOX4, ROS, NLPR3 |
| NLRP3 | OA | SD male rats, Chondrocytes | P2X7 Receptor, MIA, BzATP | MMP13, NF-κB, Col II, NLRP3, Caspase-1, p65, P2X7, IL-1β | Promote pyroptosis | NF-κB, NLPR3, Caspase-l, Inflammasome |
| NLRP1, NLRP3 | OA | C28/I2 chondrocytes | LPS, ATP, Disulfiram, Glycyrrhizic acid | Caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, HMGB1 | Inhibits pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l, NLPR3 |
| NLRP3, miR-107 | KOA | Chondrocytes | LPS, ATP, miR-107 | IL-1β, HMGB1, IL-18, Caspase-1, Col II, MMP13, GSDMD, TLR4 | Inhibits pyroptosis | Inflammasome, Caspase-l, NLPR3 |