Table 2.
Quantification of the carotenoids astaxanthin, β-carotene, and canthaxanthin in T1 N. benthamiana leaves using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
| Astaxanthin | β-carotene | Canthaxanthin | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Construct | Line | mg/g of dry tissue | % of total carotenoids | SGa | mg/g of dry tissue | % of total carotenoids | SG | mg/g of dry tissue | % of total carotenoids | SG |
| pCAMBIA2201-crtW | 1-1 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 5.4% | cd | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 12.7% | c | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.18% | b |
| pCAMBIA2201-crtW | 1-10 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 7.0% | bcd | 0.49 ± 0.22 | 14.4% | bc | 0.012 ± 0.001 | 0.31% | a |
| pCAMBIA2201-Cit/crtW | 2-4 | 0.40 ± 0.10 | 11.8% | b | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 10.9% | c | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.16% | b |
| pCAMBIA2201-Cit/crtW | 2-5 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 5.0% | bcd | 1.48 ± 0.09 | 41.3% | ab | 0.003 ± 0.000 | 0.08% | bc |
| pCAMBIA2201-Cit/crtW | 2-16 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 3.3% | cd | 1.23 ± 0.11 | 31.1% | abc | 0.003 ± 0.002 | 0.06% | bc |
| pCAMBIA2201-HBFD1-CBFD2 | 1-8 | 0.56 ± 0.24 | 16.7% | b | 0.99 ± 0.27 | 29.5% | abc | 0.003 ± 0.000 | 0.08% | bc |
| pCAMBIA2201-HBFD1-CBFD2 | 2-5 | 0.99 ± 0.14 | 26.5% | a | 0.99 ± 0.22 | 26.5% | abc | 0.002 ± 0.000 | 0.06% | bc |
| pCAMBIA2201-HBFD1-CBFD2 | 2-6 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 5.6% | cd | 0.88 ± 0.44 | 32.6% | abc | 0.001 ± 0.001 | 0.03% | c |
| pCAMBIA2201 | 1-5 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0% | d | 1.39 ± 0.53 | 39.9% | abc | 0.000 ± 0.000 | 0.00% | c |
| Non-transformed | – | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0% | d | 1.66 ± 0.12 | 50.8% | a | 0.000 ± 0.000 | 0.00% | c |
a
SG, significance group.
Values are means ± standard error of four replicates. Significance groups between experimental lines were determined by Tukey's HSD using variance calculated with ANOVA. α = 0.05. Minimum detection limits for the compounds were 1 μg/g of dry tissue.