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. 2022 Jan 18;12:747325. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747325

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Copyright © 2022 Gao, Chen, Fu, Yin, Wang, Sun, Ren and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of KD on oxidative stress and ER stress in mice. (A) SOD activity in liver homogenates. (B) Liver GSH to GSSG ratios. (C) Liver NAD⁺ to NADH ratios. (n = 5–7). (D) Liver 3-NT and 4-HNE expression determined by western blotting. (E) Immunohistochemistry staining of 3-NT and 4-HNE in the mice liver. Scale bar: 50 µm. (F) Expression of ER stress-related proteins determined by western blotting. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein expression (n = 3). GAPDH was used as a loading control. Data represent the mean ± SEM. ns, not significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. the model group.