TABLE 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Reference | Outcome investigated | Patients | Selection as most comprehensive | RCTs included | Prospective studies included | Retrospective studies included | Study quality (AMSTAR rating) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mousavi et al. (2021) | Alanine aminotransferase | 236 | ✓ | 9 | 0 | 0 | Low |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 222 | ✓ | |||||
| Alkaline phosphatase | 53 | ||||||
| Zhou et al. (2016) | Gastrointestinal symptoms | 641 | ✓ | 11 | 0 | 0 | Low |
| Headache or/and dizziness | 281 | ||||||
| Feeling of numbness in the mouth and tongue | 641 | ||||||
| Palpitation | 200 | ||||||
| Adverse events | 641 | ||||||
| Leach et al. (2012) | Adverse events | 264 | 10 | 0 | 0 | Moderate | |
| Fasting blood glucose level | 304 | ✓ | |||||
| Postprandial blood glucose level | 40 | ✓ | |||||
| Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | 405 | ✓ | |||||
| Serum insulin | 81 | ||||||
| Insulin sensitivity (CHO/unit insulin) | 48 | ||||||
| Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) | 25 | ||||||
| Deyno et al. (2019) | Fasting blood glucose | 1,098 | ✓ | 16 | 0 | 0 | Moderate |
| Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | ✓ | ||||||
| Insulin | |||||||
| HbA1c level | |||||||
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (mmol/L) | |||||||
| HDL level (mmol/L) | |||||||
| TC level (mmol/L) | |||||||
| TG level (mmol/L) | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) |