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. 2022 Jan 31;10(2):e003731. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003731

Figure 2.

Figure 2

CCL17–CCR4 pathway is associated with the infiltration of Tregs into the tumor tissue in dogs with prostate cancer. (A) Volcano plot showing z-score for differentially expressed genes between canine normal prostate (n=4) and prostate cancer (n=14) as determined by RNA-Seq. (B) Volcano plot showing z-score for upregulated genes. Chemokine genes are enriched in upregulated genes. (C) Chemokine mRNA expression in canine prostate cancer (n=18) relative to that in the normal prostate (n=5) as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. (D) Urinary CCL17 concentration in normal dogs (n=14) and in dogs with prostate cancer (n=19). Mean values are depicted by horizontal lines. (E) Serum CCL17 concentration in normal dogs (n=10) and in dogs with prostate cancer (n=19). (F) Representative images of immunohistochemistry for CCR4 in canine normal prostate and prostate cancer. Scale bar, 50 µm. (G) The number of CCR4+ cells in the prostate of normal dogs (n=9) and dogs with prostate cancer (n=18). Median values are depicted by horizontal lines. (H) Correlation between Foxp3+ Tregs and CCR4+ cells in dogs with prostate cancer (n=18). Spearman rank correlation coefficient. (I) Representative images of immunofluorescence for CCR4 (green) and Foxp3 (red) in canine prostate cancer. Scale bar, 25 µm. NS, ***P<0.001; non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. HPF, high-power field; NS, not significant; Treg, regulatory T cell.