Figure 5.

Biomechanical response to potential advanced glycation end-product (AGE) inhibitors. Bovine cartilage explants cultured for 8 days and treated with 100 mM ribose with or without interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α) (2 ng/mL). Explants were further treated with 50 μM resveratrol, 12 μM curcumin, or 200 μM eugenol. Data are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval for (a) AGE crosslinks, (b) equilibrium modulus, and (c) permeability. *Versus respective control, #versus respective 100 mM ribose condition (P < 0.05). Statistical markers are colored with respect to the bars.