Figure 2. Associations between neurodegenerative signs/symptoms and insomnia subtypes.

Primary analysis: age and sex (+ education and language). Full data: age and sex (+ education and language) among participants with complete information of the assessed neurodegenerative sign/symptoms. RLS: primary analysis + RLS. Exclude RLS: age and sex (+ education and language) with insomnia positive participants without RLS. Full model: adjusted with RLS, and the following classified according to the variable categories: ^aMotor sign: arthritis, injuries or surgeries, swelling joins in lower extremity, polio, stroke, transient ischemic attack, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, age, and sex. ^bPsychiatric and psychological symptoms: stroke, transient ischemic attack, diabetes, depression/anxiety, age, sex, and total years of education. ^cPossible RBD: use of antidepressant, posttraumatic stress disorder, age, and sex. ^dLow HRV: any pre-existing cardiological condition, age, and sex. ^eNumbers of abnormal items: all of the selected confounding variables listed above. F-A-S = verbal fluency task, HRV = heart-rate variability, pRBD = possible rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, RBD = rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, RLS = restless legs syndrome.