Table 4.
Prodromal neurodegenerative symptoms in all insomnia combined.
| No Insomnia (n = 20,400) |
All Insomnia (n = 8,755) |
All Insomnia vs Ctrl | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Mean ± SD | ORAge&Sex(+Education)_Adjusted [95% CI] | ||
| Motor symptoms | |||
| Tanner questionnaire | |||
| Overall score | 0.46 ± 0.92 | 0.67 ± 1.14 | 1.22 [1.19, 1.25] |
| Score ≥ 3 | 909 (4.46) | 669 (7.64) | 1.86 [1.68, 2.07] |
| Fall (last year) | |||
| At least 1 fall | 1,959 (10.0) | 1,047 (12.6) | 1.26 [1.16, 1.36] |
| Number of falls | 1.40 ± 1.57 | 0.20 ± 0.90 | 1.11 [1.07, 1.15] |
| Neuropsychiatric symptoms | |||
| Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms | |||
| Self-reported memory problem | 270 (1.33) | 171 (1.95) | 1.52 [1.25, 1.84] |
| Depression/anxiety | 3,618 (17.8) | 2,271 (26.0) | 1.53 [1.44, 1.62] |
| Prescribed antidepressant | 1,474 (7.24) | 868 (9.96) | 1.31 [1.20, 1.43] |
| Nonmotor symptoms | |||
| Sleep | |||
| Sleep hours | 7.14 ± 1.06 | 6.03 ± 1.30 | 0.41 [0.40, 0.42] |
| Poor sleep quality | 2,239 (11.0) | 5,104 (58.3) | 11.3 [10.6, 12.0] |
| Daytime sleepinessa | 1,292 (6.34) | 1,253 (14.3) | 2.55 [2.35, 2.77] |
| Possible RLS symptoms | 2,796 (13.84) | 1,924 (22.33) | 1.71 [1.60, 1.82] |
| Possible RBD | 517 (3.07) | 279 (4.08) | 1.41 [1.21, 1.64] |
| Pain | |||
| Chronic pain (most days) | 6,432 (32.9) | 3,798 (45.7) | 1.68 [1.59, 1.77] |
aDaytime sleepiness was defined as participants experiencing trouble staying awake during daytime at least 6 days per week for minimum of 3 month. Participants who slept less than 6 hours on average per night or self-reported endorsing narcolepsy were excluded. CI = confidence interval, Ctrl = control, OR = odds ratio, RBD = rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, RLS = restless legs syndrome, SD = standard deviation.