Table 3.
—Number of IH symptoms, IHSS items, and total scores in the cross-sectional and longitudinal samples of patients with IH.
| Variables | Cross-sectional Sample | Longitudinal Sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Untreated Patients | Treated Patients | P | Untreated Patients | Treated Patients | P | |
| (n = 166), n (%) | (n = 60), n (%) | (n = 77), n (%) | (n = 77), n (%) | |||
| Number of IH symptoms | .02 | .12 | ||||
| 0–1 | 11 (6.63) | 10 (16.67) | 6 (7.79) | 8 (10.39) | ||
| 2 | 21 (12.65) | 12 (20.00) | 6 (7.79) | 13 (16.88) | ||
| 3 | 134 (80.72) | 38 (63.33) | 65 (84.42) | 56 (72.73) | ||
| Number of IH symptomsa | 2.72 (± 0.66) | 2.43 (± 0.85) | < .01 | 2.73 (± 0.72) | 2.57 (± 0.82) | .10 |
| Diurnal symptoms (nap occurrence, sleepiness), yes | 159 (95.78) | 50 (83.33) | < .01 | 73 (94.81) | 65 (84.42) | .01 |
| Nighttime sleep duration and quality, yes | 146 (87.95) | 49 (81.67) | .23 | 67 (87.01) | 67 (87.01) | .99 |
| Sleep inertia and drunkenness, yes | 146 (87.95) | 47 (78.33) | .07 | 70 (90.91) | 66 (85.71) | .25 |
| Item #1: Ideal duration of nighttime sleep, ≥ 9 hours | 127 (76.51) | 37 (61.67) | .03 | 63 (81.82) | 58 (75.32) | .17 |
| Item #2: Feeling of not getting enough sleep in the morning, often/always | 140 (84.34) | 47 (78.33) | .29 | 64 (83.12) | 60 (77.92) | .32 |
| Item #3: Need of several alarm calls to wake up in the morning, often/always | 94 (56.63) | 26 (43.33) | .08 | 47 (61.04) | 44 (57.14) | .47 |
| Item #4: Time to feel fully functional after waking up in the morning, 1 hour | 59 (35.54) | 20 (33.33) | .76 | 31 (40.26) | 25 (32.47) | .16 |
| Item #5: Doing/saying irrational things or clumsiness upon awakening, often/always | 41 (24.70) | 16 (26.67) | .76 | 21 (27.27) | 17 (22.08) | .29 |
| Item #6: Naps during the day, often/very often | 89 (53.61) | 18 (30.00) | .002 | 44 (57.14) | 31 (40.26) | .003 |
| Item #7: Ideal length of your naps, ≥ 1 hour | 107 (64.46) | 26 (43.33) | .005 | 48 (62.34) | 41 (53.25) | .11 |
| Item #8: Feeling after a nap, sleepy/very sleepy | 118 (71.08) | 37 (61.67) | .18 | 59 (76.62) | 55 (71.43) | .25 |
| Item #9: Struggle to stay awake during monotonous tasks, often/very often | 119 (71.69) | 26 (43.33) | .0001 | 57 (74.03) | 37 (48.05) | .0002 |
| Item #10: Impact of hypersomnolence on general health, significant/very significant impact | 130 (78.31) | 35 (58.33) | .003 | 65 (84.42) | 50 (64.94) | .002 |
| Item #11: Impact of hypersomnolence on intellectual functioning, significant/very significant impact | 109 (65.66) | 28 (46.67) | .01 | 57 (74.03) | 44 (57.14) | .003 |
| Item #12: Impact of hypersomnolence on mood, significant/very significant impact | 87 (52.41) | 26 (43.33) | .23 | 46 (59.74) | 42 (54.55) | .71 |
| Item #13: Impact of hypersomnolence on daily tasks, significant/very significant impact | 85 (51.20) | 22 (36.67) | .05 | 45 (58.44) | 33 (42.86) | .02 |
| Item #14: Impact of hypersomnolence on driving performance, significant/very significant impact | 64 (38.55) | 8 (13.33) | .0006 | 40 (51.95) | 20 (25.97) | < .0001 |
| IHSS total scorea | 30.95 (± 8.64) | 26.07 (± 10.54) | < .003 | 32.77 (± 8.17) | 28.38 (± 9.31) | < .0001 |
| IHSS total score, ≥ 26 | 130 (78.31) | 34 (56.67) | .001 | 64 (83.12) | 54 (70.13) | .03 |
| IHSS component I (daytime functioning) scorea | 16.23 (± 5.20) | 13.53 (± 6.64) | .006 | 17.53 (± 4.77) | 14.73 (± 6.04) | < .0001 |
| IHSS component II (long sleep duration/ sleep inertia) scorea | 10.27 (± 3.71) | 9.20 (± 4.02) | .10 | 10.75 (± 3.66) | 9.99 (± 3.30) | .04 |
| IHSS component III (napping) scorea | 4.45 (± 2.00) | 3.33 (± 1.75) | < .0001 | 4.48 (± 1.94) | 3.66 (± 1.91) | .0002 |
aQuantitative variables are expressed as mean (± SD). IH = idiopathic hypersomnia, IHSS = Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale.