Table 4.
—Multivariate logistic regression model for excessive daytime sleepiness, high level of depression, and low health status according to the IHSS items and risk scores derived from the β coefficients.
| Variable | ESS Score ≥ 16 vs < 16 | BDI-II Score ≥ 20 vs < 20 | EQ-5D-VAS Score < 60 vs ≥ 60 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coef. | OR [95% CI] | P | Score | β Coef. | OR [95% CI] | P | Score | β Coef. | OR [95% CI] | P | Score | |
| Item #1: Ideal duration of nighttime sleep | .11 | .01 | .22 | |||||||||
| < 9 hours | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| ≥ 9 hours | –0.8356 | 0.43 [0.16;1.20] | –7 | –1.4700 | 0.23 [0.07;0.75] | –56 | –0.6451 | 0.52 [0.19;1.47] | –295 | |||
| Item #2: Feeling of not getting enough sleep in the morning | .18 | .11 | .31 | |||||||||
| Never/sometimes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Often/always | 0.9161 | 2.50 [0.66;9.54] | 8 | 1.3361 | 3.80 [0.74;19.7] | 51 | 0.7523 | 2.12 [0.50;9.00] | 344 | |||
| Item #3: Need of several alarm calls to wake up in the morning | .31 | .60 | .22 | |||||||||
| Never/sometimes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Often/always | –0.3895 | 0.68 [0.32;1.44] | –3 | –0.2282 | 0.80 [0.34;1.88] | –9 | –0.4933 | 0.61 [0.28;1.35] | –225 | |||
| Item #4: Time to feel fully functional after waking up in the morning | .30 | .48 | .23 | |||||||||
| < 1 hour | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| ≥ 1 hour | 0.4029 | 1.50 [0.70;3.21] | 3 | –0.3208 | 0.73 [0.30;1.77] | –12 | 0.4804 | 1.62 [0.74;3.53] | 219 | |||
| Item #5: Doing/saying irrational things or clumsiness upon awakening | .16 | .04 | .005 | |||||||||
| Never/sometimes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Often/always | 0.6105 | 1.84 [0.79;4.28] | 5 | 0.9068 | 2.48 [1.02;5.99] | 35 | 1.1640 | 3.20 [1.43;7.16] | 532 | |||
| Item #6: Naps during the day | .12 | .91 | .87 | |||||||||
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Often/very often | 0.5609 | 1.75 [0.86;3.57] | 5 | 0.0473 | 1.05 [0.45;2.45] | 2 | –0.0628 | 0.94 [0.44;2.02] | –29 | |||
| Item #7: Ideal length of your naps | .76 | .42 | .78 | |||||||||
| < 1 hour | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| ≥ 1 hour | –0.1209 | 0.89 [0.40;1.95] | –1 | 0.4057 | 1.50 [0.57;3.98] | 15 | –0.1230 | 0.88 [0.38;2.07] | –56 | |||
| Item #8: Feeling after a nap | .42 | .56 | .71 | |||||||||
| Wide awake/awake | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Sleepy/very sleepy | –0.3506 | 0.70 [0.30;1.64] | –3 | –0.2898 | 0.75 [0.28;1.99] | –11 | –0.1706 | 0.84 [0.34;2.09] | –78 | |||
| Item #9: Struggle to stay awake during monotonous tasks | < .0001 | 0.69 | 0.99 | |||||||||
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Often/very often | 1.8258 | 6.21 [2.82;13.6] | 15 | 0.1952 | 1.22 [0.47;3.14] | 7 | –0.00219 | 1.00 [0.44;2.24] | –1 | |||
| Item #10: Impact of hypersomnolence on general health | .04 | .97 | .21 | |||||||||
| No/minor/moderate impact | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Significant/very significant impact | 1.0379 | 2.82 [1.00;7.95] | 9 | –0.0262 | 0.97 [0.25;3.86] | –1 | 0.7311 | 2.08 [0.66;6.59] | 334 | |||
| Item #11: Impact of hypersomnolence on intellectual functioning | .39 | .06 | .88 | |||||||||
| No/minor/moderate impact | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Significant/very significant impact | 0.3367 | 1.40 [0.65;3.04] | 3 | 1.1070 | 3.03 [0.97;9.47] | 42 | –0.0659 | 0.94 [0.40;2.17] | –30 | |||
| Item #12: Impact of hypersomnolence on mood | .13 | .007 | .94 | |||||||||
| No/minor/moderate impact | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Significant/very significant impact | –0.6045 | 0.55 [0.25;1.20] | –5 | 1.3620 | 3.90 [1.46;10.5] | 52 | 0.0286 | 1.03 [0.46;2.28] | 13 | |||
| Item #13: Impact of hypersomnolence on daily tasks | .07 | .18 | .005 | |||||||||
| No/minor/moderate impact | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Significant/very significant impact | 0.7180 | 2.05 [0.94;4.49] | 6 | 0.6799 | 1.97 [0.73;5.35] | 26 | 1.2355 | 3.44 [1.45;8.16] | 564 | |||
| Item #14: Impact of hypersomnolence on driving performance | .0005 | .41 | .59 | |||||||||
| No/minor/moderate impact/not driving | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Significant/very significant impact | 1.3146 | 3.72 [1.78;7.79] | 11 | –0.3487 | 0.71 [0.31;1.62] | –13 | 0.2062 | 1.23 [0.58;2.58] | 94 | |||
BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory II, CI = confidence interval, Coef. = coefficient, EQ-5D = European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, IHSS = Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale, OR = odds ratio, VAS = visual analog scale.