Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in ESCAPE trial
| Anakinra (N = 60) | Tocilizumab (N = 42) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| Mean (SD), years | 61.6 (16.4) | 66.3 (10.8) | 0.13 |
| >65 years, n (%) | 28 (46.7) | 25 (59.5) | 0.28 |
| ≤65 years, n (%) | 32 (53.3) | 17 (40.5) | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 15 (25.0) | 8 (19.0) | 0.63 |
| Male | 45 (75.0) | 34 (81.0) | |
| Ethnicity (white), n (%) | 60 (100) | 42 (100) | 1.00 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 39 (65.0) | 32 (76.2) | 0.28 |
| Severity scores, mean (SD) | |||
| CCI | 2.63 (2.38) | 2.72 (1.48) | 0.83 |
| PSI | 82.4 (32.9) | 89.1 (29.6) | 0.31 |
| APACHE II score | 10.3 (7.9) | 11.3 (11.3) | 0.61 |
| SOFA score | 4.42 (2.31) | 4.74 (2.06) | 0.48 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 9 (15.0) | 10 (23.8) | 0.31 |
| Chronic heart failure | 3 (5.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.64 |
| Chronic renal disease | 3 (5.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.64 |
| Coronary heart disease | 8 (13.3) | 7 (16.7) | 0.78 |
| Arterial hypertension | 12 (20.0) | 20 (47.6) | 0.005 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.51 |
| COPD | 3 (5.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.64 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 (8.3) | 1 (2.4) | 0.40 |
| Dyslipidemia | 12 (20.0) | 14 (33.3) | 0.17 |
| Hypothyroidism | 5 (8.3) | 2 (4.8) | 0.70 |
| Laboratory values, mean (SD) | |||
| Absolute neutrophil count, /mm3 | 7,284.6 (4,605.1) | 9,392.0 (5,501.3) | 0.06 |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, /mm3 | 879.5 (624.8) | 835.0 (693.4) | 0.78 |
| Platelets, ×103/mm3 | 238.6 (107.8) | 281.9 (96.1) | 0.06 |
| AST, U/L | 61.5 (39.7) | 36.4 (15.9) | <0.0001 |
| ALT, U/L | 65.7 (48.6) | 31.9 (13.9) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.03 (0.51) | 0.87 (0.25) | 0.13 |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||
| β-lactamase inhibitor | 13 (21.7) | 4 (9.5) | 0.18 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 24 (40.0) | 17 (40.5) | 1.00 |
| 3rd generation cephalosporin | 21 (35.0) | 10 (23.8) | 0.28 |
| Ceftaroline | 16 (26.7) | 15 (35.7) | 0.38 |
| Ceftazidime/avibactam | 5 (8.3) | 8 (19.1) | 0.14 |
| Colistin | 25 (41.7) | 23 (54.8) | 0.23 |
| Meropenem | 22 (36.7) | 22 (52.4) | 0.16 |
| Glycopeptide | 11 (18.3) | 17 (40.5) | 0.02 |
| Linezolid | 26 (43.3) | 24 (57.1) | 0.23 |
| Tigecycline | 14 (23.3) | 17 (40.5) | 0.08 |
| Moxifloxacin | 5 (8.3) | 11 (26.2) | 0.03 |
| Azithromycin | 38 (63.3) | 19 (45.2) | 0.11 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 9 (15.0) | 9 (21.4) | 0.44 |
| Remdesivir | 17 (28.3) | 14 (33.3) | 0.66 |
| Dexamethasone | 35 (58.3) | 30 (71.4) | 0.21 |
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CCI, Charlson's Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; n, number; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score; PSI, Pneumonia Severity Index. Bold text denotes significance at <0.05 level.