Table 1.
Basic characteristics of studies comparing serum vitamin levels between H. pylori + groups and H. pylori- negative groups.
| Study | Year | Area | Design | Age of HP + groups | No. of HP + groups (male/female) | Age of HP - groups | No. of HP - groups (male/female) | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | ||||||||
| Phull et al. (31) | 1998 | UK | Cross-sectional | Mean 46.0 y | 25 (18/7) | Mean 54 y | 18 (7/11) | 7* |
| Zhang et al. (32) | 2000 | UK | Cross-sectional | 19–89 y | 41 (N/A) | 19-89 y | 27 (N/A) | 7* |
| Toyonaga et al. (33) | 2000 | Japan | Cross-sectional | Mean 47.0 y | 37 (13/24) | Mean 44.7 y | 40 (14/26) | 8* |
| Vitamin B 12 | ||||||||
| Tamura et al. (34) | 2002 | Japan | Cross-sectional | Mean 64 y | 57 (44/13) | Mean 63 y | 36 (25/11) | 8* |
| Cenerelli et al. (35) | 2002 | Italy | Cross-sectional | Mean 54.7 y | 31 (19/12) | Mean 50.9 y | 42 (23/19) | 8* |
| Shuval-Sudai et al. (36) | 2003 | Israel | Cross-sectional | Mean 52.8 y | 96 (N/A) | Mean 49.2 y | 37 (N/A) | 7* |
| Trimarchi et al. (37) | 2004 | Argentina | Cross-sectional | Mean 56.8 y | 8 (3/5) | Mean 62.4 y | 21 (9/12) | 7* |
| Oijen et al. (38) | 2004 | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | N/A | 29 (N/A) | N/A | 60 (N/A) | 7* |
| Sarari et al. (11) | 2008 | Palestine | Cross-sectional | Mean 43.4 y | 43 (24/19) | N/A | 17 (N/A) | 7* |
| Stettin et al. (39) | 2008 | Germany | Cross-sectional | Mean 50.8 y | 69 (27/42) | Mean 47.3 y | 21 (8/13) | 8* |
| Kakehasi et al. (40) | 2009 | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Mean 63.7 y | 34 (0/37) | Mean 62.5 y | 27 (0/27) | 8* |
| Gerig et al. (41) | 2013 | Switzerland | Cross-sectional | Mean 42.3 y | 85 (21/64) | Mean 40.9 y | 319 (85/234) | 8* |
| Ulasoglu et al. (42) | 2019 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 44.8 y | 213 (N/A) | Mean 44.8 y | 76 (N/A) | 7* |
| Surmeli et al. (43) | 2019 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 74.7 y | 43 (11/32) | Mean 78.2 y | 211 (91/120) | 9* |
| Soyocak et al. (44) | 2021 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 46.4 y | 31 (12/19) | Mean 45.2 y | 19 (8/11) | 8* |
| Folate | ||||||||
| Tamura et al. (34) | 2002 | Japan | Cross-sectional | Mean 64 y | 57 (44/13) | Mean 63 y | 36 (25/11) | 8* |
| Cenerelli et al. (35) | 2002 | Italy | Cross-sectional | Mean 54.7 y | 31 (19/12) | Mean 50.9 y | 42 (23/19) | 8* |
| Shuval-Sudai et al. (36) | 2003 | Israel | Cross-sectional | Mean 52.8 y | 96 (N/A) | Mean 49.2 y | 37 (N/A) | 7* |
| Stettin et al. (39) | 2008 | Germany | Cross-sectional | Mean 50.8 y | 69 (27/42) | Mean 47.3 y | 21 (8/13) | 8* |
| Gerig et al. (41) | 2013 | Switzerland | Cross-sectional | Mean 42.3 y | 85 (21/64) | Mean 40.9 y | 319 (85/234) | 8* |
| Ulasoglu et al. (42) | 2019 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 44.8 y | 213 (N/A) | Mean 44.8 y | 76 (N/A) | 7* |
| Surmeli et al. (43) | 2019 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 74.7 y | 43 (11/32) | Mean 78.2 y | 211 (91/120) | 9* |
| Soyocak et al. (44) | 2021 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 46.4 y | 31 (12/19) | Mean 45.2 y | 19 (8/11) | 8* |
| Vitamin C | ||||||||
| Banerjee et al. (28) | 1994 | UK | Cross-sectional | N/A | 19 (N/A) | N/A | 10 (N/A) | 7* |
| Rokka et al. (45) | 1995 | USA | Cross-sectional | Mean 43.5 y | 58 (30/28) | Mean 45.5 y | 30 (16/14) | 8* |
| Webb et al. (46) | 1997 | Australia | Cross-sectional | N/A | 666 (N/A) | N/A | 737 (N/A) | 7* |
| Phull et al. (31) | 1998 | UK | Cross-sectional | Mean 46 y | 25 (18/7) | Mean 54 y | 18 (7/11) | 7* |
| Rokkas et al. (47) | 1999 | Greece | Cross-sectional | Mean 42.0 y | 30 (17/13) | Mean 42.5 y | 10 (6/4) | 7* |
| Jarosz et al. (48) | 2000 | Poland | Cross-sectional | Mean 45.5 y/39.0 y | 21 (11/10) 32 (18/14) | Mean 37.5 y/41.5 y | 17 (10/7) 16 (9/7) | 8* |
| Toyonaga et al. (33) | 2000 | Japan | Cross-sectional | Mean 47.0 y | 37 (13/24) | Mean 44.7 y | 40 (14/26) | 8* |
| Woodward et al. (49) | 2001 | UK | Cross-sectional | 25–74 y | 765 (N/A) | 25–74 y | 403 (N/A) | 8* |
| Everett et al. (50) | 2001 | UK | Cross-sectional | Mean 51 y | 85 (47/38) | Mean 45 y | 39 (25/14) | 7* |
| Annibale et al. (29) | 2003 | Italy | Cross-sectional | Median 47 y | 30 (6/24) | Median 37 y | 13 (1/12) | 7* |
| Capurso et al. (51) | 2003 | Italy | Cross-sectional | Median 44 y | 32 (5/27) | Median 37 y | 13 (1/12) | 7* |
| Simon (52) | 2003 | USA | Cross-sectional | Mean 51 y | 2189 (1072/1117) | Mean 41 y | 4557 (2142/2415) | 9* |
| Khanzode et al. (30) | 2003 | India | Cross-sectional | Mean 45.4 y | 37 (15/22) | Mean 48.2 y | 40 (22/18) | 8* |
| Vitamin D | ||||||||
| Antico et al. (53) | 2012 | Italy | Cross-sectional | 20–80 y | 21 (N/A) | 20–80 y | 163 (N/A) | 7* |
| Gerig et al. (41) | 2013 | Switzerland | Cross-sectional | Mean 42.3 y | 85 (21/64) | Mean 40.9 y | 319 (85/234) | 8* |
| Han et al. (54) | 2019 | China | Cross-sectional | Mean 47.1 y | 496 (236/260) | Mean 48.1 y | 257 (127/300) | 8* |
| Surmeli et al. (43) | 2019 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Mean 74.7 y | 43 (11/32) | Mean 78.2 y | 211 (91/120) | 9* |
| Assaad et al. (12) | 2019 | Lebanon | Cross-sectional | Mean 39.3 y | 225 (88/137) | Mean 41.9 y | 235 (88/137) | 8* |
| Gao et al. (55) | 2020 | China | Cross-sectional | Mean 12.1 m | 2113 (1202/911) | Mean 12.4 m | 4783 (2865/2098) | 9* |
| Shafrir et al. (56) | 2021 | Israel | Cross-sectional | Mean 41.0 | 75640 (38576/37064) | Mean 42.2 | 74843 (37421/37422) | 9* |
| Vitamin E | ||||||||
| Phull et al. (31) | 1998 | UK | Cross-sectional | Mean 46 y | 25 (18/7) | Mean 54 y | 18 (7/11) | 7* |
| Zhang et al. (32) | 2000 | UK | Cross-sectional | 19–89 y | 41 (N/A) | 19–89 y | 27 (N/A) | 7* |
| Toyonaga et al. (33) | 2000 | Japan | Cross-sectional | Mean 47.0 y | 37 (13/24) | Mean 44.7 y | 40 (14/26) | 8* |
UK, United Kingdom; N/A, not available; y, years; m, months;
*
The “star system” of the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.