Oscillatory activity and neuronal firing in PL layer 2/3 after optogenetic activation of hippocampal terminals in neonatal CON and GE mice in vivo. Ai, Schematic of ramp light stimulation of hippocampal axonal terminals in layer 2/3 of PL. ii, Power of oscillatory activity in PL layer 2/3 during ramp stimulation of hippocampal terminals in layer 2/3, normalized to the activity 1.5 s before stimulation in CON (gray) and GE (green) mice. iii, Violin plots displaying the oscillatory power averaged for different frequency bands (4–12, 12–30, 30–50 Hz) in response to ramp stimulation for all investigated CON and GE mice. Bi, Schematic of pulses light stimulation of hippocampal terminals in layer 2/3 of PL. ii, Averaged LFP response recorded in PL layer 2/3 in response to light stimulation (blue bars) of HP terminals in CON (gray) and GE (green) mice. iii, Violin plots showing the average amplitude of the maximum LFP response evoked by light in layers 2/3 of CON and GE. iv, Violin plots showing the average delay of the maximum LFP response evoked by light in layers 2/3 of CON and GE. Ci, Raster plot depicting the firing of single PL cells in response to the pulse stimulation of hippocampal terminals in layer 2/3 of CON mice. ii, Same as i, for GE mice. iii, Firing rate of all units in layer 2/3 around the pulse stimulation averaged for CON (gray) and GE (green) mice. Di, MI of spiking response of prefrontal single units to pulse stimulation in layer 2/3 of CON mice. MI > 0 indicates increased firing activity, whereas values <0 correspond to decreased firing activity. ii, Same as i, for GE mice. iii, Stacked bar plot showing the percentage of activated (red), unmodulated (white), and inhibited (blue) units after the pulse stimulation in layers 2/3 of CON and GE. iv, Violin plots showing the MI of firing rate of all activated units in layers 2/3 of CON and GE. Single data points are represented as dots and the red horizontal bars in violin plots correspond to the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles; *p < 0.05.