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. 2022 Feb 1;29(4):2223–2240. doi: 10.1007/s10570-022-04441-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — XPS spectra of Fe_xO_y corresponding to the Fe 2p region for samples 1 (A) and 2 (B). Markers represent the measured spectrum, orange line the peaks to fit according to ref (Yamashita and Hayes 2008) and black solid line the fitting envelope. The Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ obtained after the fitting corresponds to 2.13 for sample 1, and 1.95 for sample 2. In agreement with a majority of Fe₃O₄ phase. C) XRD patterns and D) representative tensile stress–strain curves of the samples. MD: machine direction; TD: transverse direction